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LABORATORY MANUAL 

OF 

PHARMACY 

FASES 

1993 



Book_J_... 

GopiglitN?'_ 


COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 

































Laboratory Manual 

OF 

Pharmacy 


FOR 

STUDENTS AND PHARMACISTS 


Henry Minor faser, ph.g. 

dean and professor of pharmacy 
University of Mississippi. 


HEDERMAN BROS., JACKSON, MISS. 

1923 


7?S, 

F a 


Copyright 1923 


By 

HENRY M. FASER 




Cl A 7 5 9 3 


76 


SEP 22 ia2j 


PREFAGE 

In this manual the attempt is made to give the outline of 
work followed by the author with his classes for several years. 
Every preparation in the book should be made by the student and 
the greater part, if not all, of the prescriptions should be com¬ 
pounded. The book is to be used in connection with the United 
States Pharmacopoeia and the National Formulary; it is in no wise 
intended to take the place of these in the laboratory. The phar¬ 
macist should be as familiar with these two books as the minister 
should be with the Bible. 

It is hardly possible to give an outline of all work that should 
be given in the laboratory. I have been guided by my experience 
and judgment in what I have included. Naturally, in many in¬ 
stances, there would be differences of judgment as to the impor¬ 
tance of matter excluded or included. Much instruction must be 
given and laboratory work carried on that could not well be in¬ 
dicated in a text-book. 


HENRY MINOR FASER. 


University of Mississippi. 


The use in this volume of certain portions of the text of the 
United States Pharmacopoeia is by virtue of permission received 
from the Board of Trustees of the United States Pharmacopoeial 
Convention. The said Board of Trustees is not responsible for 
any inaccuracy of quotation nor for any errors in the statements 
of quantities or percentage strengths. 

Permission to use for comment parts of the text of the Na¬ 
tional Formulary, Fourth Edition, in this volume has been granted 
by the Committee on Publication by authority of the Council of 
the American Pharmaceutical Association. 


CONTENTS 


Weights, Measures, Specific Gravity, Specific Volume_ 

Heat, Evaporation, Desiccation, Exsiccation, Distillation, 
Sublimation, Crystallization, Granulation, Calcination, 
Precipitation_____ 

Salts of Mercury_ 

Powders____ 

Waters__ 

Infusions, Decoctions _ 

Liquores __ _ 

Mucilages __ 

Vinegars __ _ 

Syrups _ _ 

Glycerites__*_:_ 

Tinctures __ - 

Spirits__ 

Fluidextracts __ 

Fluidglycerites ____ 

Extracts ---- 

Resins, Oleoresins_ 

Collodions_ 

Soaps__ 

Liniments __- 

Petroxolins __ - 

Sprays — - 

Oleates-- r — 

Ointments __ _ 

Inunctions-- 

Cerates-- 

Glycerogelatins — - 

Pastes, Paste Pencils- 

Cataplasms -- 

Plasters--*- 

Salve Mulls- 

Suppositories --- 


Pages 
7- 13 


14- 17 
17- 19 
19- 21 

21- 23 

22- 24 
24- 35 

35- 36 

36- 37 

37- 42 
42- 44 
44- 49 
49- 51 
51- 53 

53 

54- 56 

57 

58 

59 

60- 62 
62- 63 
63 
63 

64- 67 
68 

68- 69 
69 

70- 71 

71 

71- 72 

72 

72- 74 


V 


































Emulsions__74- 78 

Pills, Masses_78- 82 

Tablets, Troches_ 82- 83 

Granular Effervescent Salts-83- 84 

Elixirs_ 84-86 

Ampuls-- 86 

Miscellaneous Preparations_ 87- 89 

The Prescription_ 9o 

Prescriptions__90-109 

Young’s Dose Rule_ 109 

Latin Terms _110-111 


V l 















Laboratory manual of pharmacy 


Weights, [Measures, Specific Gravity, Specific Volume. 

The systems of weights used in the United States are metric, 
troy, apothecary, wine, and avoirdupois. 


Metric System 


The Metric System originated in France in 1790. It is the 
system of weights and measures used in the United States Phar¬ 
macopoeia and National Formulary. 

The standard unit taken for the metric system is the meter, 
the forty-millionth part of the earth’s circumference -around the 
poles. The unit of capacity is the liter; it is the cube of one- 
tenth part of a meter. The weight of distilled water at its max¬ 
imum density that will exactly fill the cube of one-hundredth part 
of a meter is taken as the unit of weight; this is called the gramme. 

The multiples of these units are in Greek and the division is 
in Latin. 


Linear Measure 


10 millimeters 
1 0 centimeters 
10 decimeters 
10 Meters 


1 centimeter 
1 decimeter 
1 Meter 


10 Dekameters 
10 Hectometers 
10 Kilometers 


1 Dekameter 
1 Hectometer 
1 Kilometer 
1 IMyriameter 


Volume Measure 


10 milliliters 
10 centiliters 
10 deciliters 
10 L ters 


1 centiliter 
1 deciliter 
1 Liter 


10 Dekaliters 
10 Hectoliters 
10 Kiloliters 


1 Dekaliter 
1 Hectoliter 
1 Kiloliter 
1 Myrialiter 


Weight Measure 


10 milligrams 
10 centigrams 
10 decigrams 
10 Grams 


1 centigram 
1 decigram 
1 Gram 


10 Dekagrams 
10 Hectograms 
10 Kilograms 


1 Dekagram 
1 Hectogram 
1 Kilogram 
1 Myriagram 


The milliliter is more often called cubic centimeter. 



8 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


Matters to be remembered in converting metric into ordinary 
weights and measures and vice versa. 

15.4 32 grains equals one gramme 
1 grain equals 65 milligrams 
3 9.37 inches equal one meter 

1 inch equals 25 millimeters 
33.8 flu : d ounces equals 1 liter (1000 Cc) 

1 fluid ounce equals 29.5 mils or Cc 
1 fluid dram equals 3.7 mils or Cc 
16 minims equals 1 mil or Cc 

The above is not exact, but accurate enough for all practical 
purposes. 

Linear Measure—Divide the number of millimeters by 2 5, 3 00, 
or 900; the quotient will be the answer in inches, feet, or yards, 
respectively. 

Volume (Measure—Divide the number of mils by 0.061, 3.7, 
or 29.5; the quotient will be the answer in minims, fluid drams, or 
fluid ounces, respectively. 

Weight Measure—Divide the number of grammes by 0.065, 
3.9, 31.10, or 28.35; the quotient will be the answer in grains, 
drams, apothecaries ounces, or avoirdupois ounces, respectively. 


Apothecary Weight 


20 grains 
3 scruples 
8 drams 
12 ounces 


= 1 scruple ( ® ) 

= 1 dram (3) 

= 1 ounce (3) 480 grains 

= 1 pound (lb) 5760 grains 


The Apothecary weights are used only in writing and com¬ 
pounding prescriptions. 


Apothecary or Wine Measure 


60 minims (min) 
8 fluid drams 
16 fluid ounces 
2 pints 
4 quarts 


1 fluid dram (fl3) 

1 fluid ounce (fl3) 
1 pint (O) 

1 quart (qt) 

1 gallon (Cong.) 


The Apothecary or Wine Measure is used in making prepara¬ 
tions or filling prescriptions for liquids. 


Avoirdupois Weight 

437.5 grains = 1 ounce (oz) 

16 ounces = 1 pound () 

The Avoirdupois Weight is used for designating the weight 
of all commodities except gems and precious metals. All drugs 
are bought and sold by this system. 



Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


9 


Troy Weight 

2 4 grains = 1 pennyweight (dwt) 

2 0 pennyweight = 1 ounce (Troy oz) 

12 ounces = 1 pound (Troy lb ) 

Troy Weight is mentioned because it is often confused w th 
Apothecaries weight. It is used in weighing gold, silver, and other 
precious metals and does not concern the pharmacist. 


Imperial (Measure 


60 minims = 

8 fluid drams == 
20 fluid ounces = 
8 pints = 


1 fluid dram 
1 fluid ounce 
1 pint 
1 gallon 


The Imperial Measure is used in Great Britain only. It dif¬ 
fers from our Wine Measure in that none of the units are of the 
same value as the Apothecary Wine Measure of the United States. 
This fact should be kept in mind in compounding prescriptions 
from Great Britain. 


1 Imperial minim = 

1 Imperial fluid dram = 

1 Imperial fluid ounce = 
1 Imperial pint — 

1 Imperial gallon = 


.9 6 minims (U. S.) 

.96 fluid drams (U. S.) 
.96 fluid ounces (U. S.) 
1.2 pints (U. S.) 

1.2 gallons (U. S.) 


It will be noted that the minim, fluid dram, and fluid ounce 
are smaller than these units of the Apothecary Wine Measure, and 
that the pint and gallon are larger. 


Ounces of Different Value 

The pharmacist has three ounces of different value to con¬ 
tend with. 


Apothecary ounce = 480 grains 

Avoirdupois ounce = 437.5 grains 

The weight of one fluid ounce of distilled water, approxi¬ 
mately, 455. grains. 

It must be remembered that we buy our drugs by the Avoirdu¬ 
pois system and that we compound them by the Apothecary system. 
When we buy one ounce of Quinine Sulphate, we get 4 3 7.5 grains. 
When we dispense this Quinine Sulphate in prescriptions we use 
480 grains. 

Per-cent solutions are based on the weight of water. For ex¬ 
ample: In making one fluid ounce of 10 per cent solution of co¬ 
caine, we would use 10 per cent of 455 and not 10 per cent of 437.5 
or 480. 


10 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


Approximate Measures 

1 Teaspoonful is considered equivalent to one fluid dram. 

1 Dessertspoonful is considered equivalent to two fluid drams. 

1 Tablespoonful is considered equivalent to one-half fluid ounce. 

1 Wineglassful is considered equivalent to two fluid ounces. 

1 Teacupful is considered equivalent to four fluid ounces. 

1 Tumblerful is considered equivalent to eight fluid ounces. 

At the present time teaspoons are made larger than formerly 
and only six teaspoonfuls can be obtained from one fluid ounce 
mixture. For accuracy graduated medicine glasses should be used 
instead of spoons. 

A minim is usually considered to be one drop, but it varies 
in size according to the liquid and the mouth or lip of container 
from which it is being dropped. 

Aqueous liquids a drop is usually one minim. 

Alcoholic liquids a drop is usually one-half minim. 

Specific Gravity 

Specific Gravity is the weight of one body compared with the 
weight of an equal bulk or volume of another body selected as the 
standard, both bodies having the same temperature. 

The temperature selected by the U. S. P. is 2 5 degrees C. or 
77 degrees F. 

Specific Gravity is obtained by dividing the weight of the sub¬ 
stance by the weight of an equal volume of water. 

Example: A flask weighs 40 grams; when filled with wafer 
it weighs 64 grams, and filled with glycerine it weighs 70 grams. 
What is the specific gravity of the gylcerine? 

Subtracting the weight of the bottle, we have 2 4 grams as the 
weight of the water, and 30 grams as the weight of the glycerine 

30 divided by 2 4 equals 1.2 5, the specific gravity of the gly¬ 
cerine. 

It is seldom necessary for the pharmacist to take the specifi* 
gravity of solids. 

Solids heavier than water are weighed in the ordinary way In 
air; then they are suspended in water by means of a silk thread 
or hair and weighed. The difference in weight is the weight of 
the water displaced, and is equal in volume to the volume of the 
solid. The ordinary weight divided by the loss of weight in water 
gives the specific gravity. 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


11 


Example: A piece of iron weighs 4 8 grams in air; suspended 

in water it weighs 42 grams; what is the specific gravity? 

48 — 42 = 6, the weight of water displaced, or loss of weight 
in water. 48 = 6 = 8, the specific gravity of the iron. 

If the solid is lighter than water, it must be attached to some 
solid that is heavier, in order to make the suspension possible, 
and the calculations made accordingly. 

If the solid is soluble in water it is necessary to use some 
liquid in which it is not soluble. In such a liquid, use the method 
above described of taking specific gravity in water. The specific 
gravity thus obtained multiplied by the specific gravity of the 
liquid used will give the specific gravity of the substance, taking 
water as the standard. 


Specific Gravities 

The Pharmacist should have in mind the specific gravity of 
the common liquids used. 


Water has the specific gravity of_1.00 

Glycerine _ 1.25 

Alcohol_ .816 

Chloroform _ 1.478 

Ether _ .716 

Sulphuric Acid_- 1.83 

Nitric Acid_ 1.40 

Hydrochloric Acid_ 1.16 

Mercury _ 13.50 


Specific Volume 

Specific Volume of a substance is the inverse of its specific 
gravity. It is the volume of one body compared with the volume 
of an equal weight of another body selected as the standard. For 
solids and liquids water is taken as the standard. 

To take the specific volume, dwide the volume of the substance 
by the volume of an equal weight of water. Or, divide the unit 
1.00 by the specific gravity. 

Examples: 100 grains of glycerine measure 84 minims. 100 
grains of vwater measure 105 minims. What is the specific vol¬ 
ume of the glycerine? 84-M05 = 0.8, specific volume of the gly¬ 
cerine. 

The specific gravity of glycerine is 1.2 5 what is the specific 
volume. 1.00 = 1.25 = 0.8, specific volume of glycerine. 











12 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


To determine the specific volume of a liquid, turn to the U. 
S. P., find the specific gravity, and divide the unit 1 by the spe¬ 
cific gravity. 


Volume to Weight and Weight to Volume 

(Many of the common liquids, such as glycerine, sulphuric 
acid, nitric acid, hydrocloric acid, ether, chloroform, etc., are 
bought by weight and sold by volume. Formulas frequently call 
for weight when it would be more convenient to measure the liquid. 

The pharmacist must be able to transcribe weight into volume 
and volume into weight. 

Examples: 

1. What is the weight of one fluid ounce of Glycerine, spe¬ 
cific gravity 1.25? A fluid ounce of water weighs 455 grains. 
Glycerine is 1.25 times as heavy as water. 455X1.25 = 568.75 grains. 

2. What is the weight of one fluid ounce of Ether, specific 

gravity .720? 155X.720=328 grains. 

3. How many fluid ounces in 100 Avoirdupois ounces of 
Glycerine? One Avoirdupois ounce of water measures .9 6 fluid 
ounces, then 100 Avoirdupois ounces of water would measure 96.00 
fluid ounces. 96.00 X 100 = 9600.00 -s-1. 25, the specific gravity of 
the Glycerine, equals 76.8 fluid ounces of Glycerine; or we may 
multiply, by the specific volume instead of dividing by the specific 
gravity. 100X96.X0.8 = 76.8. 

4. A certain formula c^lls for 50.00 Gm. of Glycerine, how 
many cubic centimeters would you use? 50.00 -M.25 = 40 Cc. 

Rule. Weight in grams divided by specific gravity equals 
volume in cubic centimeters. 

5. Chloroform has the specific gravity of 1.50. We mean 
(since a pound and a pint of water are considered the same) that 
a pint of Chloroform weighs approximately one and one-half pounds. 

In short, specific gravity deals with what weight of a certain 
substance will go into a certain container. Specific volume asks 
what size container will hold a certain weight of the substance. 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


13 


1. Soap Solution. 

Recipe. 

Powdered Soap_15 Gm. 

Alcohol of each____60 Cc. 

Water, sufficient to make_ 360 Cc. 


Dissolve the soap in hot water. When cool add the ammonia 
water and alcohol. Put in your bottle and use for cleaning. 

Cleaning Powder. 

Recipe. 

Powdered Pumice Stone 

Oxalic Acid of each_ 5. Gm. 

Rub together well and use for polishing spatulas, etc. 

2. Balance, Weights, Graduates, etc. 

Uses and care of Balance, Weights, Graduates and other 
apparatus. 

-4. Specific Gravity. 

Use a one-ounce prescription bottle for liquids. 

Take the Specific Gravity of Chloroform 
Take the Specific Gravity of Glycerine. 

Take the Specific Gravity of Alcohol. 

Take the Specific Gravity of your 10 Gm. brass weight. 

4. Specific Volume is obtained by dividing 1 by the specific grav¬ 
ity of the liquid. 

We gh 20 Gm. of Chloroform in your 30 Cc. graduate. Note 
the volume in Cc. 

Apply the rule by dividing the weight by the S. G., and 
see if correct. 

5. Dropping: Use 1 ounce prescription vial half filled with liquid. 

1. Count number of drops of Water in 1 Cc- 

2. Count number of drops of Chloroform in 1 Cc- 

3. Count number of drops of Alcohol in 1 Cc- 

4. Count number of drops of Tincture of Opium in 1 Cc- 

Look in U. S. P., for dose of Chloroform and Tincture of Opium. 









14 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


6. Heat. Management of Heat. 

Burner, regulation of flame. 

Media, wire gauze for simple protection to flasks, etc. 
Sand-bath, used for double protection. 

Water-bath, restricting the temperature to 100°C. 

Oil-bath, temperature 200° to 250°C. 

7. Vessels for heating. 

Test tubes—Beakers—Chemical Flasks—Evaporating D'shes 
—Casseroles. Uses and care of each. 

8. Meaurement of Heat. 

In pharmaceutical operations the Thermometer is used for 
measuring heat. Two scales are in use in this country, the 
Centigrade and the Fahrenheit. 

Centigrade Thermometer,—Freezing point of water is 0° 
and the boiling point is 100°. 

Fahrenheit Thermometer.—Freezing point of water is 32° 
and the boiling point of water is 212°. 


9. .Evaporation. 

Evaporation is resorted to for the purpose of separating 
a volatile substance from a less volatile substance, the residue 
left being the object sought. The residue wanted may be a 
liquid, semi-liquid, or solid. 

Evaporating Dishes, (Explain) 

Evaporation over direct flame 
Evaporation on Sand-bath 
Evaporation on Water bath 
Evaporation, Spontaneous 
Evaporation in Vacuum Apparatus 
Evaporation to given weight 
Evaporation to given volume 

10. Desiccation. 

Desiccation is the process of depriving vegetable drugs of 
their moisture. A desiccator is a closed vessel containing some 
substance that has a strong affinity for water-, such as calcium 
chloride, sulphuric acid, lime, etc. 

11. Exsiccation. 

Exsiccation is the process of depriving a solid crystalline 
substance of its water of crystallization by the application of 
heat. 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


15 


ALUiMEN EXSICCATTJM, U. S. P. 

Exsiccated Alum 

Take 10 Gm. of alum and exsiccate by the formula as given 
in the U. S. P. 

Calculate the percentage of Exsiccated Alum obtained 
Synonym: Dried Alum, Burnt Alum. 


12. Distillation. 

Distillation is the process of vaporizing a liquid and con¬ 
densing the vapor back into a liquid. It may be done for 
the purpose of purifying a liquid or for the purpose of recov¬ 
ering it. 

Simple distillation from flask with glass tubing. 

Distillation with Liebig Condenser. 

13. Sublimation. 

Sublimation is the process of vaporizing a volatile solid 
and condensing the vapor back into a solid. 

Sublime 5 Gm. of Benzoin as directed. 

Sublime 2 Gm. of Camphor as directed. 

14. Crystallization. 

Crystallization is the process by which solid substances 
are caused to assume a definite geometric form called crystals. 
Those substances which do not crystallize are termed amor¬ 
phous (without form). 

The main object of crystallization is to increase the puri¬ 
ty of chemicals. 

FERRI SULPHAS, U. S, P. 

Ferrous Sulphate 


Iron Filings_ 15 Gm. 

Sulphuric Acid- 14 Cc. 

Water, a sufficient quantity. 

Put 75 Cc. of water in large evaporating dish and add the 
acid very slowly, with stirring. Add the iron, stirring fre¬ 
quently. When effervescence has nearly ceased boil the mix¬ 
ture for about five minutes. See that the mixture is acid 
to litmus. 

Filter and set away to crystallize. 




16 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


15. Granulation. 

Granulation is the process of heating chemical substances 
with constant stirring until moisture is evaporated and a 
granular powder is obtained. 

ferri sulphas granulatus, u. s. p. 

Granulated Ferrous Sulphate 

Make 20 Gm. 

1G. Calcination. 

Calcination is the process of heating inorganic compounds 
to a high heat so that the volatile constituents are driven off. 

^Magnesium Carbonate_ 5 Gm. 

Heat in a tared capsule on a sand bath until it ceases to 
lose weight. 

The residue left is Magnesium Oxide. Calculate the per¬ 
centage of MgO yielded by Magnesium Carbonate. 

17. Precipitation. 

Precipitation is the process of throwing substances out of so¬ 
lution and causing them to assume an insoluble form. 

Precipitation may be produced in various ways,— 

(a) Change of temperature may cause precipitation. 

Cold reduces the solubility of most substances and a hot 
super-saturated solution on cooling will precipitate. 

(b) Some substances are more soluble in cold water than in hot 
and will be precipitated on heating. Heating Lime Water 
will precipitate the lime. 

(c) Change of menstruum may cause precipitation. Water added 
to an alcoholic solution of some resinous drug. Or, alcohol 
added to an aqueous solution of some gum. 

(d) Chemical change causes the precipitation by the formation of 
new insoluble compounds. This is the most important phase 
of precipitation. 



Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 17 

HYDRARGYRUM AM|MONIATUM, U. S. P. 

Ainmoniatecl Mercury 

Corrosive Mercuric Chloride_ 10 Gm. 

Ammonia Water 

Distilled Water, each, a sufficient quantity. 

Dissolve the Corrosive Mercuric Chloride in 2 00 Cc. of warm 
Distilled Water, filter the solution, and allow it to cool. Pour 
the filtered liquid gradually, and with constant stirring, into 15 
Cc. of Ammonia Water, taking care that the latter shall remain 
in slight excess. Collect the precipitate on a filter, and, when the 
liquid has drained from it as much as possible, wash it with a mix¬ 
ture of 40 Cc. of Distilled Water and 2 Cc. of Ammonia Water. 
Finally, dry the precipitate between sheets of Ir.buious paper, in 
a dark place, at a temperature not exceeding 30°C, and keep it in 
well stoppered bottles, protected from light. 

HgCl 2 + 2NH 4 OH = N'H 2 HgCl -f NH 4 C1 -f 2HX>. 

Synonym,—White Precipitate. 

Uses,—Externally only in form of Ointment. 

Preparation—Unguentum Hydrargyri Ammoniati, U. S. P. 

HYDRARGYRI IODIDUM RUBRUM, U. S. P. 

Red Mercuric Iodide 


Corrosive Mercur'c Chloride_ 4 Gm. 

Potassium Iodide- 5 Gm. 


Distilled Water, a sufficient quantity. 

Dissolve the Corrosive Mercuric Chloride and the Potassium 
Iodide, each, in 80 Cc. of Distilled Water, and filter the solutions 
separately. Pour both solutions, simultaneously and in a thin 
stream, with constant and very active stirring, into 200 Cc. of 
Distilled Water. When the precipitate has subsided, decant the 
supernatant liquid, collect the precipitate on a filter, and wash it 
with cold Distilled Water, untU the washings give not more than 
a slight opalescence with a silver nitrate test solution. Finally, 
dry it in a dark place, between sheets of bibulous paper, at a 
temperature not exceeding 40°C, and keep it in well stoppered 
bottles, protected from light. 

HgCl 2 + 2K1 = Hgl 2 + 2KC1 





18 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


Why does the formula state to pour the solutions of Mercuric 
Chloride and Potassium Iodide, simultaneously and in a thin stream 
into the Water? If either of the two solutions be in excess, the 
precipitate will be dissolved. 

Synonyms,—Biniod.de of Mercury, Mercuric Iodide, Red Iodide 
of Mercury. 

Uses,—As an alterative, especially in cases of syphilis. 

Preparations: Liquor Arseni et Hydrargyri Iodidi, U. S. P. 

Liquor Hydrargyri et Potassii Iodidi, U. S. P. 

HYDRARGYRI OXIDUiM FLAVUM, U. S. P. 

Ye 11 o'vv Mercuric Oxide 

Corrosive Mercuric Chloride- 10 Gm. 

Sodium Hydroxide- 4 Gm. 

Distilled Water, a sufficient quantity. 

Dissolve the Corrosive Mercuric Chloride in 100 Cc. of warm 
Distilled Water, and filter the solution. Dissolve the Sodium Hy¬ 
droxide (which should contain at least 90 per cent, of pure, an¬ 
hydrous sodium hydroxide) in 100 Cc. of co.d Distilled Water, and 
into this solution pour gradually, and with constant stirring, the 
solution of Corrosive Mercuric Chloride. Allow the mixture to 
stand for an hour at a temperature of about 3 0°C, stirring fre¬ 
quently. Then decant the supernatant, clear liquid from the pre¬ 
cipitate, and wash the latter repeatedly by the addition and de¬ 
cantation of portions of Distilled Water, using 100 Cc. of water 
each time. Collect the precipitate on a strainer, and continue wash¬ 
ing with warm Distilled Water, until a small portion of the wash¬ 
ings, when poured on a little mercuric chloride test solution, no 
longer produces a yellowish turbidity at the line of contact of 
the two liquids. Then allow the precipitate to drain, and dry it 
between sheets of bibulous paper, in a dark place, at a temperature 
not exceeding 30°C, and keep it in well stoppered bottles, pro¬ 
tected from light. 

HgCl a +2NaOH = HgO+2NaCl + H 2 0. 

Uses,—Externally in form of Ointment and Oleate. 

^reparations —Ungentum Hydrargyri Oxidi Flava, U. S. P. 
Oleatum Hydrargyri, U. S. P. 




Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


19 


MAGNESII CARBONAS, U. S. P. 
Magnesium Carbonate 


Magnesium Sulphate- 25.00 Gm. 

Sodium Carbonate_ 30.00 Gm. 


Distilled Water, a sufficient quantity. 

Dissolve the Magnesium Sulphate and Sodium Carbonate sep¬ 
arately, each in 2 00 Cc. of cold Distilled Water, mix the solutions 
and boil the mixture for fifteen minutes; transfer the precipitate 
to filter and wash it with successive portions of boiling Distilled 
Water until the washings are free from sulphates. Test with 
Barium Chloride test solution. 

Dry the precipitate at a temperature not exceeding 100°C. 

MgS0 4 -f Na 2 C0 3 = MgC0 3 + Na 2 S0 4 

Uses: Antacid, large doses cathartic. 

18. Powders. 

Powders usually consist of two or more substances intimately 
mixed in a finely divided condition. Single agents are also dis¬ 
pensed in the form of powders. 

Seven powders are recognized in the U. S. P., and fourteen in 
the N. F. 


PULVIS AROMATICUS, U. S. P. 

Aromatic Powder 
Make 10 Gm. 

Uses: Stimulant and Carminative, but is chiefly used as an 

adjuvant to other medicines. 

Preparation: Fluidextractum Aromaticum, U. S. P. 

PULVIS CRETAE COMPOSITUS, U. S. P. 

Compound Chalk Powder 
Make 10 Gm. 

Uses: This powder is official for the purpose of having on 

hand the ingredients in a mixed condition for making the official 
chalk mixture. 

Preparation: Mistura Cretae, U. S. P. 




20 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 

PUIjVIS IPECACUANHAS ET OPH, U. S. P. 

Powder of Ipecac and Opium 

Make 5 Gm. 

Synonym: Dover’s Powder— Compound Powder of Ipecac. 

Uses: Diaphoretic and Sedative. 

What per cent, of Opium does it contain? 

What per cent, of Ipecac does it contain? 

What per cent, of Morphine does the Powdered Opium used in 
making this powder contain? See U. S. P. 

How much Morphine in 10 grains of this powder? 

PUL VIS GLYCYRRHIZAE COMPOSITES, U. S. P. 
Compound Powder of Glycyrrhiza 
Make 2 5 Gm. 

Synonym: Compound Licorice Powder. 

Uses: Laxative. 

The Oil of Fennel is used to give flavor and supposed to re¬ 
lieve the griping effect of the Senna. It is triturated with a por¬ 

tion of the sugar to insure thorough mixing and distribution through 
the powder. 

PELVIS EFFERVESCENS COMPOSITES. U. S. P. 
Compound Effervescing Powder 

Make two sets of powders. 

Synonym: Seidiitz Powder. 

Uses: Saline Purgative. 

What is the common name of Potassium and Sodium Tartrate? 
Rochelle Salt. 

What is the weight of the powder in the blue paper? 

10 Gms. (15 5 grains) 

What is the weight of the powder in the white paper? 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 21 

2.20 Gms. (34 grains) 

What per cent, of Rochelle Salt does the powder contain? 

See the U. S. P. 

What reaction takes place when the powders are dissolved 
in water and mixed? Between the Tartaric Acid and the Sodium 
Bicarbonate forming sodium tartrate and liberating carbon di¬ 
oxide, causing effervescence. 

PURVIS ACETANILIDI CO|MPOSITUS, N. F. 

Compound Acetanilid Powder 
Make 5 Gm. 

Uses: Ant'pyretic and Analgesic. 

19. Waters. 

The official waters of the U. S. P., include common water, 
distilled water, and sterilized distilled water. 

The Medicated Waters are aqueous solutions of volatile sub¬ 
stances. 

The U. S. P. directs three different methods for the prepar¬ 
ation of medicated waters, namely,—Simple agitation of the med¬ 
icinal agent with recently boiled distilled water, by trituration of 

the volatile oil with purified talc and recently boiled distilled water, 
and by distillation. 

) 

AQUA ANISI, U. S. P. 

Anise Water 
Make 100 Cc. 


Uses: Vehicle. 

AQUA MENTHAE PIPERITAE, U. S. P. 
Peppermint Water 
Make 100 Cc. 


Uses: Vehicle, very largely prescribed. 


22 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


AQUA CAMPHORAE, U. S. P. 
Camphor Water 

Make 100 Cc. 


Uses: Vehicle. 

AQUA AMMONIAE, U. S. P. 


Ammonia Water 

Make 100 Cc. 

10 % 

28_-_0 

10_18 = 28 

10/28 of 100 = 36 Cc. Stronger Ammonia Water. 

18/2 8 of 100 = 64 Cc. Water. 


Total 100 Cc. of 10% Ammonia Water. 

The above is the practical way to prepare 10% Ammonia 
Water in the store. It can also be made by heating an Ammonium 
Salt with Milk of Lime and passing the gas into water until the 
required amount is absorbed. 

Note:—The U. S. P. directions should be observed in handling 
Stronger Ammonia Water, and especially in opening a bottle to 
avoid the gas from blowing into the face. 

Preparations: Linimentum Ammoniae, U. S. P. 

Preparations: Linimentum Ammoniae, U. S. P.; Spiritus Am¬ 
moniae Aromaticus, U. S. P.; Lotio Ammoniacalis Camphorata, N. 
F.; Linimentum Opii Compositum, N. F.; Linimentum Saponata 
Camphoratum, N. F.; Spiritus Ammonii Anisatus, N. F. 

20. Infusions. 

Infusions are aqueous preparations made by extracting the 
drug with hot or cold water. 

In the majority of cases boiling w'ater is poured on the drug 
and allowed to macerate until cold; then it is strained. 

Cold water is used if heat injures the drug, as in wild cherry. 

Two infusions are recognized in the U. S. P., and five in the 
N. F. 


Note the general formula for Infusions in the U. S. P. 




Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


23 


INFUSUM DIGITALIS, U. S. P. 
Infusion of Digitalis 

Make 100 Cc. 

Uses: Cardiac stimulant and diuretic. 

INFUSUM SENNAE COiMPOSITUM, U. S. P. 
Compound Infusion of Senna 

Make 100 Cc. 

Synonym: Black Draught. 

Uses: Purgative. 

INFUSUM PRUNI VIRGINIANAE, N. F. 
Infusion of Wild Cherry 

Make 100 Cc. 


Uses: Sedative. 

Upon what does this preparation depend for its activity? 
Hydrocyanic Acid. 

Does the Hydrocyanic Acid pre-exist in the bark? No, it is 
the result of the ferment Emulsin acting on the glucoside Amygda- 
lin in the presence of water. 

Why is the Infusion directed to be made with cold water? 
Hot water destroys the ferment and prevents the formation of 
Hydrocyanic Acid. 

21. Decoctions. 

Decoctions are aqueous preparations made by boiling a drug 
with water. Hard, woody drugs of close texture are best adapted 
for decoctions. Those containing volatile principles as well as 
those that are easily exhausted are best adapted for Infusions. 

The U. S. P. does not recognize any specific decoction and 
only one decoction is recognized in the N. F., namely,—Compound 
Decoction of Sarsaparilla. The U. S. P. gives a general formula 
for preparing Decoctions, which see. 


24 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


22. Iiiquores. Solutions. 

Liquors are aqueous solutions of non-volatile substances. 
There are several exceptions to this definition, viz. 

(a) Liquor Ammonii Acetat's, volatilized by heat. 

(b) Liquor Formaldehydi, a gaseous solution of formaldehyde. 

(c) Liquor Hydrogenii Dioxidi, volatilized by heat. 

(d) Liquor Iodi Compositus, the iodine is volatile. 

(e) Liquor Chlori Compositus, solution of chlorine gas. 

(f) Liquor Antisepticus, a hydro-alcoholic solution of volatile sub¬ 
stances. 

The liquors constitute a very important class of official pre¬ 
parations. The majority of them are very active medicinal agents, 
and some are powerful poisons. There is no general formula to 
guide in making them and all must be studied separately. 

Twenty-five are recognized in the U. S. P., and fifty-two in 
the N. F. 

LIQUOR ACIDI ARSENOSI, U. S. P. 

Solution of Arsenous Acid 

Make 100 Cc. 

This is an acid solution of arsenous acid in water, containing 
1 per cent, of arsenous acid and 5 per cent, of diluted hydrochloric 
ac'd. 


The hydrochloric acid does not combine with the arsenic tri¬ 
oxide to form the chloride, it simply aids solution. The arsenic 
trioxide combines with the water to make arsenous acid. 

As 2 0 3 -f- 3H 2 0 = 2H 3 As0 3 

Arsenic tr’oxide Water Arsenous acid 

Synonyms: Hydrocholoric Solution of Arsenic. Solution of 

Arsenic Chloride. 

Uses: Alterative. 

Note: There are four U. S. P. solutions and two N. F. solu¬ 

tions containing arsenic. All of them contain 1 per cent, of ar¬ 
senic, with the exception of Pearson’s Solution of Sodium Arsenate 
of the N. F., wh'ch contains one-tenth of 1 per cent, of arsenic. 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


25 


LIQUOR POTASSII ARSENI TIS, U. S. P. 

Solution of Potassium Arsenite 

Make 10 0 Cc. 

This is an alkaline solution of Potassium Arsenite, correspond¬ 
ing in amount to approximately 1 per cent, of arsenic trioxide. 

The reaction taking place is supposed to be as follows: 

As, 0 3 -j- 4KHCO s = 2K,HAsO ;i -f- 4CO, -}- H,0 

Arsenic Potassium Potassium Carbon Water 

trioxide bicarbonate arsenite dioxide 

There is an excess of Potassium Bicarbonate, which with heat, 
is converted into carbonate and makes the preparation alkaline. 
The Tincture of Lavender Compound gives color and taste. 

Synonym: Fowler’s Solution. 

Uses: Alterative, especially in malaria. Fowler’s solution is 

the most popular of all the arsenic preparations. 

How should the solution be preserved? See U. S. P. 

How long should it be kept? Not over one year as it is slow¬ 
ly oxidized to arsenate which is less active. 

LIQUOR ARSENI ET HYDRARGYRI IODIDI, U. S. P. 

Solution of Arsenous and Mercuric Iodide 
Make 100 Cc. 

A simple solution containing 1 per cent each of arsenous iodide 
and red mercuric iodide. 

Synonym: Donovan’s Solution. 

Uses: Alterative. 

How should the solution be preserved? See U. S. P. 

If the solution turns red to what is it due? Liberation of free 
iodine. The U. S. P. states that it must not be dispensed if darker 
than pale yellow. 

What is the solubility of Red Mercuric Iodide? Almost in¬ 
soluble in water. 

How then does it dissolve in this preparation? It is soluble 
in the aqueous solution of arsenous iodide. 


26 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


LIQUOR CALCIS, U. S. P. 


Solution of Calcium Hydroxide 


Make 1/20 of the formula. 


Reaction: CaO -J- H 2 0 

Lime Water 


Ca (OH) 2 

Calcium hydroxide 


Synonym: Lime Water. 


Uses: Antacid. 


Preparations: Linimentum Calcis, U. S. P. 


Lotio Flava, N. F. 
Lotio Nigra, N. F. 


What is the strength of the preparation? See U. S. P. 

What has the temperature to do with the strength? See U. 

S. P. 

Why does the U. S. P. state to reject the first water used in 
slacking the lime? Lime contains calcium chloride which is ir¬ 
ritating, it being freely soluble in water can he removed in the 
first water. 

When it is exposed to the air what happens? A pellicle of 
calcium carbonate is formed, and it should therefore be kept in 
well stoppered bottles. 


LIQUOR AMMO Nil ACETATIS, U. S. P. 


Solution of Ammonium Acetate 


Make 50 Cc. 


When Ammonium Carbonate is dissolved in Acetic Acid, strong 
effervescence takes place, the carbonate being converted into an 
acetate with the liberation of carbon dioxide. 

Synonym: Spirit of Mindererus. 

Uses: Diaphoretic, Diuretic. 


Preparation: Liquor Ferri et Ammonii Acetatis. 

Why does the U. S. P. direct the Ammonium Carbonate to be 
in hard, translucent pieces? Only the carbonate is in translu¬ 
cent pieces, that containing a coating of powder is bicarbonate 
which is not only insoluble, but inert. 


Should this prepaiation be kept in stock? See U. S. P. 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


27 


LIQUOR FERRI ET AM^IONII ACETATES, U. S. P. 

Solution of Iron and Ammonium Acetate 

Make 100 Cc. 

This preparation is a clear, redd : .sh-brown liquid. The color 
is due to ferric acetate formed between the ferric chloride and 
the solution of ammonium acetate. The solution must be acid to 
prevent precipitation of the basic ferric acetate. 

FeClj -f 3NH 4 G 2 H 3 0 2 = Fe(C 2 'H :! 0 2 ) 3 + 3NH 4 C1 

Ferric Ammonium Ferric Ammonium 

chloride acetate acetate chloride 

Synonym: Basham’s Mixture. 

Uses: Chalybeate tonic. 

Why is Glycerine used in the preparation? To prevent pre¬ 
cipitation. 

Should this preparation be kept in stock? See U. S. P. 

LIQUOR PLUMBI SUBACETATIS, U. S. P. 

Solution of Lead Subacetate 

Make 50 Gm, 

This is a clear, colorless lquid and must be well protected 
from the air to prevent the formation of the insoluble lead car¬ 
bonate. For the same reason the U. S. P. directs boiling distilled 
water to get rid of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other impurities 
that precipitate the lead. 

Pb (C 2 H 3 0 2 ) 2 -f- PbO = Pb 2 0 (C 2 H 3 0 2 ) a 

Lead acetate Lead oxide Lead subacetate 

Synonyms: Goulard’s Extract. Goulard’s Solution. 

Uses: Externally only, for sprains, bruises, etc., largely di¬ 

luted. 

Preparations: Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis Dilutus. 

LIQUOR SODAE CHLOR1NATAE, U. S. P. 

Solution of Chlorinated Soda 

Make 100 Gm. 

This is a clear, pale greenish liquid of chlorine compounds of 
sodium, containing not less than 2.5 per cent of availabe chlorine. 


28 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


The solution should be kept in glass stoppered bottles, in a 
cool place, protected from light. 

The chlorinated lime from which this preparation is made is 
“ a product resulting from the action of chlorine upon clacium 
hydroxide, and containing not less than 30 per cent, of available 
chlorine.” U. S. P. 

Chlorinated lime is a mixture of calcium hypochlorite and 
calc'.um chloride. The reaction which takes place in the making 
of the solution is about as follows: 

Ca (OC1 ) 2 -f CaCL -f 2Na 2 CO ; , r= 2NaOCl f2NaCl r 2CaCO, 
Calcium Calcium Sodium Sodium Sodium Calcium 

hypochlor- chloride Carbonate hypochlor- chloride Carbonate 

ite ite 

Synonym. Labarraque’s Solution. 

Uses: Disinfectant and bleaching agent. It has also been used 
in the treatment of wounds, ulcers, etc., and diluted with water for 
washing out the bladder, vagina, etc. 

During the late World War a solution of chlorinated soda 
came largely into use in the treatment of gun-shot wounds, and is 
now widely known under the name of Carrel-Dakin solution. It 
is prepared from chlorinated lime, dried sodium carbonate and 
sodium bicarbonate. 

Owing to the fact that chlorinated lime varies in its chlorine 
content, it should always be titrated before using it in making 
the Carrel-Dakin solution. 

The solution after having been properly made should be well 
protected in amber glass. Exposed to the light it rapidly deterior¬ 
ates and is unfit for use after 2 4 hours. 

On page 657 of the U. S. D., 2 0th edition, will be found a 
formula for the preparation of the solution as well as a method 
for titrating it. 

In the average drug store the solution could be prepared as 
follows: 


Carrel-Dakin Solution 


Chlorinated Lime, U. S. P_184.00 Gm. 

Dried Sodium Carbonate_ 92.00 Gm. 

Sodium Carbonate_ 76.00 Gm. 


Into a 12 liter bottle put the chlorinated lime and add 5 liters 
of water and shake frequently during a period of six hours or over¬ 
night. Dissolve the two sodium salts in 5 liters of water and add 





Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


29 


this solution to the cholrinated lime mixture and shake well for 
a few minutes, and then let it stand at rest for thirty minutes. 
Siphon off the supernatant liquid and filter through paper. The 
solution is then ready for use. 

LIQUOR CHLORI COMPOSITES, N. F. 

Compound Solution of Chlorine 

Make 250 Cc. 

Synonym: Chlorine Water. 

Uses: Antiseptic. 

This is an aqueous 1 yellow liquid containing, when freshly pre¬ 
pared, about 0.35 per cent of available chlorine. 

The solution must be freshly prepared when wanted and dis¬ 
pensed in well filled, amber glass bottles. 

In some drug stores where a funnel provided with stop cock 
is not furnished, the solution may be prepared as follows: 

Use a chemical flask of twice the capacity of the amount you 
intend to make. If you have not a flask, an ordinary bottle will 
answer. 

Insert a cork notched on one side and provided with a hole 
in the center, which may be made with a cork borer or rat tail 
file, through which a funnel can be passed. Place in the neck of 
the funnel a pledget of absorbent cotton thoroughly wetted with 
water. 

The bottle and funnel being perpared, then place in the bottle 
the potassium chlorate and add the hydrochloric acid previously 
diluted as directed in the formula. Immediately place the cork 
provided with funnel and cotton in the bottle and heat on water 
bath as directed, then remove from water bath and add cold water 
in several portions through the cotton, shaking after each addition 
until the solution measures the proper amount. 

LIQUOR CRESOLIS COMPOSITUS, U. S. P. 

Compound Solution of Cresol 
Make 100 Gm. 

The linseed oil with potassium hydroxide forms soft soap, 
the small quantity of alcohol aids saponification. The solution 
when finished contains 50 per cent of cresol. 


30 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


It is a powerful germicidal solution, said to be twice as 
strong as phenol as a destroyer of micro-organisms. It is similar 
to many of the proprietary preparations on the market. 

It is used for many different purposes, such as sterilizing in¬ 
struments and the skin, diluted with warm water and used in 
fountain syringe as a douche; and it has been used internally as 
an antiseptic. 

In the proportion of one fluid ounce to a gallon of warm water, 
used for washing dogs it not only kills the fleas, but makes the 
skin healthy and clean. 

LIQUOR SODII BORATIS COMPOSITUS, U. S. P. 

Compound Solution of Sodium Borate 

Make 100 Cc. 

The above is a very popular preparation and much used as a 
nasal spray. 

The effervescence which takes place in the making of this 
preparation is due to the liberation of carbon dioxide from the 
sodium bicarbonate. The sodium borate is decomposed by the gly¬ 
cerin forming glyceryl borate and boric acid which reacts with the 
sodium bicarbonate liberating the carbon dioxide. The efferves¬ 
cence is not due to the phenol. 

Synonym: Dobell’s Solution. 

LIQUOR MAGNESII CITRATIS, U. S. P. 

Solution of Magnesium Citrate 
Make one bottle. 

The above is a clear solution of acid magnesium citrate. It 
is one of the most popular cathartic preparations. 

The directions in the U. o. P. as to sterilization should be strict¬ 
ly observed. 

The potassium bicarbonate added to the preparation lastly 
is decomposed by thd excess of citric acid and furnishes the carbon 
dioxide, making the preparation more palatable. 

In making the solution for stock the pharmacist always makes 
anywhere from ten to thirty or more bottles. 


Magnesium Carbonate_ 150.00 Gm. 

Citric Acid _ 330.00 Gm. 

Syrup _ 600.00 Cc. 





Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


31 


Dissolve the citric acid in 1500 Cc. of hot water in a suitable 
container, and having added the magnesium carbonate, previously 
mixed with 1000 Cc. of water, stir until it disolves. Add the 
syrup and bring the solution to the boiling point, at once intro¬ 
ducing the oil of lemon, previously triturated with the purified talc, 
and filter while hot into a sterile container and add 4G0 Cc. of 
boiling water. 

Having sterilized the citrate of magnesia bottles by rinsing 
in boiling water, transfer 3 50 Cc. of the solution to each bottle, 
when cool drop into each bottle 2.5 Gm. of potassium bicarbonate, 
preferably in tablet form and immediately close the bottle. 

Synonym: Purgative Lemonade. 

LIQUOR ANTISEPTICUS, N. F. 

Antiseptic Solution 
Make 100 Cc. 

This preparation is quite similar to many of the proprietary 
preparations on the market that are sold under trade mark names. 

By adding 2.5 Gm. of powdered hydrastis to the 1000 Cc. of 
the solution, it not only gives it a beautiful golden color, but im¬ 
proves the preparation medicinally. 

Uses: It is used both internally and externally. Its main 

use is as a mouth wash and throat gargle, for which purpose it 
can be used full strength or diluted with water to suit. 

LIQUOR ANTISEPTICUS ALKALINUS, N. F. 

Alkaline Antiseptic Solution 

Make 100 Cc. 

Alkaline Antiseptic Solution is similar to a largely advertised 
trade preparation. 

In the making of this preparation the reaction between the sodi¬ 
um borate, glycerin, and water forms boric acid, which acts on the 
potassium bicarbonate liberating carbon dioxide and causing effer¬ 
vescence. 

Uses: Largely used as a nasal douche, mouth wash ard gargle. 


32 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


LIQUOR SODII PHOSPHATIS COMPOSITUS, N. F 
Compound Solution of Sodium Phosphate 

The formula given in the National Formulary is very unsatis¬ 
factory, owing to the fact that sodium phosphate in uneffloresced 
crystals is ordered in making the preparation. Sodium phosphate, 
after being kept in stock loses moisture and in weighing a given 
amount more phosphate of soda is weighed than intended. It is 
not altogether practical to cover the salt with water and air dry it 
before use as this takes much time. 

Make 100 Cc. of the preparation by the formula given below. 


Sodium Phosphate Exsiccated-39.6 Gm. 

Citric Acid_ 13.0 Gm. 

Glycerin _ 15.0 Cc. 


Distilled Water, a sufficient quantity to make 100.0 Cc. 

Dissolve the dried sodium phosphate and the citric acid in 
80 Cc. of Distilled Water, heat to the boiling point and filter while 
hot into ^ sterile container, add the glycerine and sufficient boiled 
Distilled Water to make 100 Cc. 

In making the preparation by the formula above, you not 
only overcome the danger of weighing too much phosphate of soda, 
thus causing the preparation to crystallize, but you also have a 
preparation that will keep better, owing to the fact that all salts 
containing much water of crystallization have stored up in them 
spores or micro organisms which cause the formation of growths 
in the solution. 

Glycerine is used in the preparation as a preservative. 

Compound solution of sodium phosphate is similar to many 
trade preparations on the market. 

Uses: Laxative and cathartic. 

LIQUOR FERRI CHLORIDI, U. S. P. 

Solution of Ferric Chloride 
Make 100 Cc. 

Solution of Ferric Chloride is a reddish-brown liquid, having 
a faint odor of hydrochloric acid, and acid, strongly styptic taste, 
and an acid reaction; specific gravity from 1.2 9 to 1.32. 





Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


33 


Two chemical reactions take place in making the solution: 

First. 

Fe -|- 2HC1 
Iron Hydrochlo 
ric Acid 

Second. 

3FeCl 2 -f 3HC1 -f HNO. = 3FeCl s -j- NO -j- 2H 2 0 
Ferrous Hydrochlo- Nitric Ferric Nitric Water 

chloride ric acid acid chloride Oxide 

The solution of Ferrous chloride is converted into ferric chlo¬ 
ride by the addition of nitric and hydrochloric ac'd. The U. S. 
P. states, if the solution has acquired a black color, continue the 

addition of nitric acid drop by drop until red fumes are not longer 
evolved and the solution assumes a clear, reddish-brown color. 

If it turns black, this is due to incomplete oxidation, and the 
solution must be heated in an open vessel and the nitric acid 
added drop by drop until the reaction is complete. The last por¬ 
tion of nitric acid must be cautiously added, as it is very difficult 
to remove the excess without some loss of ferric chloride and the 
formation of oxychloride. A small amount is redissolved by the 
addition of the third portion of hydrochloric acid ordered in the 
formula. 

If on standing this preparation shows a precipitate of oxy¬ 
chloride, the mixture can be heated and a lew drops of hydro¬ 
chloric acid added to redissolve it. 

Uses: In the making of other preparations, particularly tinc¬ 

ture of ferric chloride. 

Preparations: Ferri Chloridum, U. S. P.; Tinctura Ferri Chlo- 

ridi. U. S. P.; Gossypium Stypticum, N. F.; Tinctura Ferri Chlondi 
Aetherea, N. F.; Tinctura Ferri Citro-chloridi, N. F. 

What is the strength of this preparation? See U. S. P. 

How should the solution be stored away? See U. S. P. 

What test is used to show absence of nitric acid? See U. S. P. 

LIQUOR FERRI TEESULPHATIS, U. S. P. 

Solution of Ferric Sulphate 


FeCl 2 + H 2 
Ferrous Hydro- 
Chloride gen 


Make 100 Gm. 

This is an aqueous solution of normal sulphate of iron, corre- 
spending to not less than 9.5 per cent., nor more than 10.5 per 
cent, of metallic iron. 


34 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


The Solution of Ferric Subsulphate ((Monsel’s Solution, which 
see in the U. S. P.) is a solution of basic sulphate of iron, there 
not being enough acid used to make the normal sulphate. The 
working formula of the two solutions are the same, the differ¬ 
ence being that there is more sulphuric acid used in making the 
normal solution and there is less sulphate of iron used in making 
the normal solution. 

The chemical change taking place in making the Liquor 
Ferri Tersulphatis is as follows: 

6FeS0 4 -f- 3H 2 S0 4 -f 2HN0 3 = 3Fe 3 (S0 4 ) 8 -f 2NO -f 4H 2 0 
Ferrous Sulphuric Nitric Ferric Nitric Water 

Sulphate acid acid sulphate oxide 

The nitric acid is used for the purpose of oxidizing the ferrous 
sulphate into ferric sulphate. 

Solution of Ferric Sulphate is too irritant for medicinal use. 
It is employed in the making of other iron preparations and is the 
starting point in the making of the scale salts of iron. It should 
always be kept on hand for the ready preparation of Ferric Hy¬ 
droxide with Magnesium Oxide, the official antidote to arsenic. 


LIQUOR FERRI C1TRATIS, N. F. 

Solution of Ferric Citrate 
Make 50 Gm. 

The first step in making this solution is the preparation of 
Ferric Hydroxide. 

Fe 2 (S0 4 ) 3 -f 6NH 4 OH = 2Fe(OH) 3 -f 3(NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 

Ferric Ammonium Ferric Ammonium 

sulphate hydroxide hydroxide sulphate 

The second step is the making of the solution of ferric citrate. 

Fe(OH) 3 -f H 3 C 6 H 3 0- = FeC 6 H 5 0 7 4- 3H z O 

Ferric Citric Ferric Water 

hydroxide acid citrate 

The directions given in the N. F. should be carefully followed. 
The moist precipitate of ferric hydroxide should be freed from am¬ 
monium sulphate by repeated washing with cold water. 

When the ferric hydroxide and c'.tric acid are mixed and heat¬ 
ed on the water bath, it is important not to employ a higher heat 
than is directed, 60 degrees C. A higher heat in the presence of 
an organic acid will reduce the ferric to a ferrous compound. 


Uses: Iron tonic. 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


35 


FERRI CITRAS (U. S. P., VIII) 

Citrate of Iron 

Solution of Ferric Citrate, a convenient quantity. 

Evaporate the solution on a water bath, at a temperature not 
exceeding 60 degrees C, to the consistence of syrup, and spread it 
on pill tile or plates of glass, so that, when dry, the salt may be 
obtained in scales. 

Caution—Do not employ heat higher than that mentioned, to 
avoid decomposition. 

Spread tlr.nly with aid of glass stirring rod, and leave to dry 
at temperature of room. 

Ferric Citrate occurs as thin, garnet red scales. 

Uses: Chalybeate tonic. 

23. Mucilages. 

Mucilages are aqueous preparations of gummy substances in 
water. They are all prone to spoil and should be freshly made 
when wanted. 

Two mucilages are official in the U. S. P., and two in the N. F. 
Three of the mucilages are in a liquid condition and one, mucilage 
of tragacanth, is in the form of a jelly. 

MUCILAGO TRAGACANTHAE, U. S. P. 

Mucilage of Tragacanth 
Make 50 Gm. 

This preparation should be strained with force several times 
to make it smooth and uniform. 

Its principal use is in making toilet lotions. 

toilet lotion 

Menthol-- 

Glycerin - 

Alcohol- 

Mucilage of Tragacanth-- 

Rose Water q-s - 


.50 

15.00 

15.00 

25.00 

100.00 







36 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy" 


Add the glycerine to the mucilage of tragacanth and some of 
the rose water; then add the menthol previously dissolved in the 
alcohol and sufficient rose water to make the 100 Cc. 

The above is used for chapped hands and face and useful after 
shaving. The formula is given mainly to show the use of mucilage 
of tragacanth. 

24. Aceta. Vinegars. 

Vinegars are solutions of medicinal substances in dilute 
acetic acid. The official dilute acetic acid is made by mixing one 
part of official acetic acid with five parts of water, and contains 6 
per cent of absolute acetic acid. 

The U. S. P. recognizes only one vinegar, vinegar of squills, 
while the N. F. contains two vinegars, aromatic vinegar and vine¬ 
gar of opium. 


ACETUM SCTLLAE, U. S. P. 

Vinegar of Squills 

Make 50 Cc. 

Vinegar of squills is seldom prescribed, its principal use is in 
making the syrup of squills. 

The U. S. P. directs the preparation to be heated to the boil¬ 
ing point and filtered while hot. This is for the purpose of coagu¬ 
lating the albuminous matter which is filtered out. 

25. Syrups. 

Syrups are concentrated solutions of sugar in water, acetous, 
or hydro-alcoholic menstruum. They may be divided into two 
classes, flavoring syrups, made of aromatic substances and used 
solely as vehicles, and medicated syrups, which have medicinal 
value. 

Syrups are made: 1. By simple solution of the medicinal 
agent in simple syrup. 2. By dissolving the sugar with the aid of 
heat. 3. By percolation. 4. By dissolving the sugar in the cold. 

Since syrups constitute a very important class of pharmaceuti¬ 
cal preparations, they must not only be carefully made, but must 
be well preserved. 

In the first place the very best sugar obtainable should be 
used and in the absence of distilled water, good pure, recently 
boiled, water should be used. 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


37 


A fresh lot of syrup should never be placed in a bottle con¬ 
taining old syrup. The bottle or container should be thoroughly 
washed with alkali, and sterilized with boiling water and allowed 
to drain. 

A syrup that has once fermented cannot be restored. At¬ 
tempts have been made to restore them by boiling, but they soon 
ferment again. They should, therefore, be made in quantities that 
will be used in a short time. 

SYRUPUS, U. S. P. 

Syrup 

Simple Syrup 
Make 100 Cc. 

You will note that two methods are official for the preparation 
of simple syrup. Make your syrup by cold precolation. 

SYRUPUS ACIDI CITRICI, U. S. P. 

Syrup of Citric Acid 
Make 100 Cc. 

Synonym: Syrup of Lemon. 

SYRUPUS SCILLAE, U. S. P. 

Syrup of Squills 

X 

Make 100 Cc. 

Uses: Expectorant. 

SYRUPUS SCILLAE COMPOSITES, U. S. P. 

Compound Syrup of Squills 

Make 100 Cc. 

Synonym: Hive Syrup, Coxe’s Hive Syrup. 

Uses: Expectorant, croup in children. 

Compound Syrup of Squills contains approximately one giain 
of. Antimony and Potassium Tartrate (Tartar Emetic) in each fluid- 

ounce. 


38 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


SYRUPUS SAUSAPARILLAK COMPOSITES, U. S. P. 
Compound Syrup of Sarsaparilla 
Make 100 Cc. 

This syrup has no medicinal' value whatever and is used solely 
as a vehicle, especially for bichloride of mercury and potassium 
iodide. 


SYRUPUS IPECACUANHAE, U. S. P. 

Syrup of Ipecac 
Make 100 Cc. 

The object of diluting the fluid extract of ipecac with the 
water and acetic acid, as ordered in the U. S. P., is for the purpose 
of bringing the active principles of ipecac into solution, by changing 
them to acetates. It is allowed to stand twenty-four hours for this 
purpose. 

The glycerin is added to the filtered liquid as a preservative. 

Uses: Expectorant, very useful as an emetic in small chil¬ 

dren in case of croup. 

SYRUPUS PRUNI VIRGIN!ANAE, U. S. P. 

Syrup of Wild Cherry 

Make 100 Cc. 

The official directions of the U. S. P. wh'ch direct the mo's- 
tening of the wild cherry bark with water and glycerine, packing 
in percolator, adding sufficient water to saturate and leave a strat¬ 
um above, and then macerate for twenty-four hours, are for the 
purpose of allowing reaction to take place between certain constit¬ 
uents of the bark in the presence of moisture, forming hydrocyanic 
acid. The sugar can then be dissolved by agitaUon without heat or 
by cold percolation. 

The glycerine serves two purposes, in that it yields a darker 
syrup, due to the fact that it dissolves out tannin from the bark, 
and it is also a good preservative. 

It is important that no heat be employed in dissolving the sugar, 
as the hydrocyanic acid is very volatile and would be driven off 
by heat. 

Uses: Vehicle in cough Mixtures. 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


39 


SYRU 1*US CALCII LACTOPHOSPHATIS, U. S. P. 

Syrup of Calcium Lactophosphate 
Make 100 Cc. 

The reaction taking place in the making of this syrup is as 
follows: 

CaC0 3 4- 2HC ; ,HjO : , = Ca(C 3 H 5 0 3 ) 2 -f C0 2 + H 2 0 

Calcium Lactic Calcium Carbon Water 

Carbonate acid lactate dioxide 

Ca(C 3 H,0 3 ) 2 -f 2H 3 P0 4 = Ca(H,P0 4 ) 2 + 2HC,H 5 0, 

Calcium Phosphoric Calcium acid Lactic 

lactate acid phosphate acid 

From the above it will be seen that two chemical changes take 
place in the preparation of this syrup. The first is the formation 
of calcium lactate and the second the formation of calcium acid 
phosphate (Calcium lactophosphate). 

The calcium lactophosphate in the fresh moist condition is 
much more readily soluble in the acid than when in the dry state, 
therefore the U. S. P. starts with calcium carbonate. 

When the phosphoric acid is added to the calcium lactate so¬ 
lution it should be diluted with more water than is ordered; at 
least twice as much water as acid should be used, to prevent precip¬ 
itation. The mixture should be stirred constantly. 

The proper amount of Water is then added and the solution is 
filtered and the orange flower water and glycerin added to the 
filtrate. The sugar is dissolved in thd mixed liquids by agitation. 

This syrup when first prepared is a colorless solution, but if 
kept on hand for some time, it gradually becomes darkened, due 
to the acid acting on the sugar. It should therefore be made in 
quantities that will be used in a short time. 

If one is out of this syrup, in an emergency, it may be pre¬ 
pared by dissolving one hundred grains of calcium lactophosphate 
in eight fluid ounces of syrup flavored with orange flower water, 
and adding one-half fluid-dram of hydrochloric acid to prevent 

precipitation. 

Uses: Nutritive tonic. 


SYRUPUS TOLUTANUS, U. S. P. 
Syrup of Tolu 

/Make 100 Cc. 


Uses: Vehicle. 


40 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


SYRUPUS RHEI AROMATICUS, U. S. P. 

Aromatic Sjrup of Rhubarb 

'Make 100 Cc. 

This syrup is made from the aromatic tincture of rhubarb, 
while the plain syrup of rhubarb is made from the fluid extract. 
The potassium carbonate is used in both syrups for the purpose 
of retaining the resinous matter in solution, thereby producing a 
clear syrup. 

Uses: Laxative and especially useful in diarrhoea in small 
children. 

SYRUPUS PICIS LIQU1DAE, U. S. P. 

Syrup of Tar 

Make 100 Cc. 

The alcohol is used for the purpose of dissolving the pine tar 
and the magnesium carbonate is used as a clarifying agent. 

Uses: Expectorant. 


SYRUPUS FERRI 101)1 III, U. S. P. 

Syrup of Ferrous Iodide 

Make 100 Cc. 

The reaction taking place in the making of this syrup is as 
follows: 

Fe -f- 21 = Fel 2 

Iron Iodine Ferrous 

Iodide 

The chemical reaction taking place between the iron and 
iodine may generate sufficient heat to cause some of the iodine 
to volatilize, hence, the U. S. P. states to check the reaction, by 
placing the flask in cold water. When the solution has acquired 
a greenish color and has lost the odor of iodine, the U. S. P. directs 
to heat it to boiling. This is for the purpose of being sure that 
the reaction is complete. The sugar added at once is to prevent 
oxidation. It is filtered into the remaining sugar for the same 
purpose (i. e. preventing oxidation). 

An excess of iron over iodine is used as the iron can be fil¬ 
tered out. 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


41 


The Diluted Hypophosphorous Acid is added to the finished 
syrup to prevent oxidation and liberation of iodine. 

This syrup is a transparent, pale yellowish-green liquid and 
is best preserved in small bottles, completely filled, and stored in 
a light place. Light, being a reducing agent, retards the liberation 
of iodine. 

Uses: Alterative. Much used. 

SYRUPUS HYPOPHOSPHITUM, U, S. P. 

Syrup of Hypophosphites 
Make 100 Cc. 

This syrup is a simple solution of the hypophosphites of cal¬ 
cium, potassium, and sodium. The calcium hypophosphite' is often 
very slowly soluble, which no doubt is due to impurities, hence 
the U. S. P. very properly directs a small amount of diluted hypo- 
phosphorous acid which aids the solubility. The small amount 
of glycerine is used as a preservative. 

Uses: Tonic. Supposed to be beneficial in lung trouble. 

SYRUPUS HYPOPHOSPHITUM CC|MPOSITUS, N. F. 

Compound Syrup of Hypophosphites 

Make 100 Cc. 

The sodium citrate is used for the purpose of aiding solution 
of the ferric and manganese hypophosphite. The diluted hypo- 
phosphorous acid converts the alkaloids quinine and strychnine 
into soluble hyphosphites, and also aids the solution of calcium 
hypophosphite. As stated in the description of the above syrup, 
calcium hypophosphite frequently contains impurities, mainly phos¬ 
phate, which is insoluble in water. 

Uses: Tonic. 


SYRUPUS ERIODrCTYI AROMATICUS, N. F. 
Aromatic Syrup of Eriodictyon 
Aromatic Syrup of Yerha Santa 


Make 100 Cc. 

Yerba Santa is a resinous drug, and the solution of potassium 
hydroxide is for the purpose of dissolving this and holding it in 
solution. 


42 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


The magnesium carbonate is the clarifying agent. 

This syrup is a splendid vehicle, especially for quinine, and 
is very largely used. It is quite similar to several trade prepara¬ 
tions on the market. 

SYRUPUS PINI STROPI COMPOSITUS, N. F. 

Compound Syrup of White Pine 

Make 100 Cc. 

The vegetable drugs are extracted by maceration and perco¬ 
lation. It is doubtful whether the drugs are completely exhausted 
with the menstruum used. 

The syrup is used as a cough expectorant, oftentimes with 
the addition of other substances. 

26. Glycerites. 

Glycerites are solutions of medicinal agents in glycerine. 
There is one exception, Glycerite of Starch, which is a plastic mass. 

The Glycerites are permanent preparations and miscible with 
alcohol and water. They should be preserved in well closed con¬ 
tainers, owing to the fact that glycerin is very hygroscopic. 

Five Glycerites are official in the U. S. P. and six in the N. F. 

GLYCERITUM ACIDI TANNICI, U. S. P. 

Glycerite of Tannic Acid 
Make 40 Gm. 

Glycerite of Tannic Acid is used internally and externally. It 
is no doubt the most satisfactory preparation of Tannic Acid for 
external use. 

While the Tannic Acid is soluble in the glycerin in the cold, 
the heat directed hastens the solution. 

We often receive prescriptions for Tannic Acid a certain amount 
and Glycerin quantity sufficient for a certain amount. The phar¬ 
macist should remember the directions of the official preparation 
and fill the prescription accordingly. 

Avoid metallic utensils in making any preparation containing 
tannin. 

Uses: Astringent. Much used externally to prevent sore 
nipples. 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


43 


GLYCERITUtM AMILI, U. S. P. 

Glycerite of Starch 
Make one-half the formula. 

If this preparation is made strictly according to the directions 
of the U. S. P., it is difficult to get a perfectly smooth preparation, 
owing to the sudden chilling when the starch mixture is added to 
the hot glycerin, thus causing lumps to form. 

The high heat ordered is necessary to rupture the starch cells 
and render them soluble. The heat must be employed very cau¬ 
tiously to prevent scorching. 

If the finely powdered starch is thoroughly triturated with 
the water to a homogeneous mixture and mixed with the glycerin 
and the whole then heated until a translucent jelly is formed, you 
will rarely fail to get a good preparation. 

The Glycerite is very hygroscopic and must be preserved in 
tightly closed containers. 

Uses: IMainly as a vehicle for non-greasy ointment-like prep¬ 
arations. 


GLYCERITUM BOROGRYCERINI, U. S. P. 

Glycerite of Boroglycerin 
Make 50 Gm. 

This is a 50 per cent- solution of glyceryl borate in glycerine. 


Reaction. 

c 3 h 5 (oh) 3 + h 3 bo 3 

Glycerin Boric 

acid 

Uses: Antiseptic. 


C 3 H 5 BO 3 —(- 3H 2 0 

Glyceryl ' Water 

borate 


27. Tinctures. 

Tinctures are alcoholic or hydro-alcoholic solutions of non 
volatile or only partially volatile substances. They differ from 
spirits in that spirits are alcoholic solutions of volatile substances. 
Tincture of Iodine is an exception to the rule, iodine being very 

volatile. 

Tinctures constitute one of the very important classes of 
pharmaceutical preparations 103 Tinctures are official in the U. 
S. P. and N. F. 


44 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


Tinctures are made by percolation, maceration and by d'rect 
solution. The great majority of tinctures are 10 per cent, strength, 
especially those of potent drugs, while the non-potent are 20 per 
cent, strength. 

TINCTURA RHEI AROMA TIC A, U. S. P. 

Aromatic Tincture of Rhubarb 

Make 100 Cc. 

This tincture contains the aromatic drugs cinnamon, cloves, 
and nutmeg. The main use of the tincture is in making the aro¬ 
matic syrup of rhubarb. 

Preparation: Syrupus Rhei Aromaticus, U. S. P. 

TINCTURA GENTIANAE COMPOSITA. U. S. P. 

Compound Tincture of Gentian 

Make 100 Cc. 

Uses: Much used as a bitter tonic. 

• 4 

TINCTURA LAVANDULAE CCtMPOSITA, U. S. P. 

Compound Tincture of Lavender 

Make 100 Cc. 

Compound Tincture of Lavender is made by maceration of the 
drugs in the alcoholic menstruum in which the oils have been dis¬ 
solved. The tincture has a beautiful red color due to the red 
saunders. 

Synonym: Compound Spirit of Lavender. 

Uses: Said to be good for nausea and flatulence. Mainly 
used for flavor and color, as in Fowlers Solution of Arsenic. 

TINCTURA IODI, U. S. P. 

Tincture of Iodine 

Make 50 Cc. 

Tincture of Iodine is an alcoholic solution of iodine and potas¬ 
sium iodide, containing not less than 6.5 Gm. nor more than 7.5 
Gm. of iodine and not less than 4.5 Gm. nor more than 5.5 Gm. of 
potassium iodide in each 100 Cc. 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


45 


The addition of the potassium iodide is for the double purpose 
of preventing or retarding the formation of hydriodic acid, and 
to prevent precipitation when the tincture is mixed with water. 

The small amount of water in the tincture is for the purpose 
of dissolving the potassium iodide. 

Uses: Counter-irritant, antiseptic, and germicide. 


TINCTURA NUCIS VOMICAE, U. S. P. 

Tincture of Nux Vomica 
Make 100 Cc. 

In the U. S. P., VIII, this tincture was prepared from the solid 
extract as follows: Extract of Nux Vomica (containing not less 
than 5 per cent, of Strychnine) 20 Gm. Alcohol 750 Cc., and water 
250 Cc. The tincture is now made from the ground drug. The 
standardization was also changed from 0.1 Gm. of strychnine in 
lOO^Cc. to not less than 0.237 Gm. nor more than 0.263 Gm. of 
alkaloids of nux vomica in 100 Cc. 

In making the tincture the U. S. P. directs the rate of flow 
not to exceed 10 drops per minute. 

In collecting the percolate, the receiving vessel should be free 
from moisture, as nux vomica contains considerable fat and the 
tincture turns cloudy when mixed with water. 

Uses: Bitter tonic. 


TINCTURA FERRI CHUORIDI, U. S. P. 

Tincture of Ferric Chloride 

Make 50 Cc. 

The above tincture is made by simple solution of the solution 
of ferric chloride with the alcohol. The directions of the U. S. P. 
for it to stand at least three months before dispensing are to in¬ 
sure uniformity by bringing all changes to completion between the 
free acid of the solution of ferric chloride and the alcohol forming 
compound ethers. 

When the tincture is exposed to the light, the iron salt is slow- 
,y red uced to the ferrous state, hence the tincture should be kept 
in amber colored bottles. 

To prevent the acid and iron from acting on the enamel °f 
the teeth when taken into the mouth, it should be diluted with 
water and taken through a glass tube. 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


46 


Uses: Probably the most largely used preparation of iron as 
a chalybeate in anaemia and debilitated conditions. It is also used 
locally in tonsilitis, etc. 

Preparation: Liquor Ferri et Ammonii Acetatis. 

TINCTURA CINCHONAE COMPOSITAE, U. S. P. 

Compound Tincture of Cinchona 
Make 100 Cc. 

The above tincture is made from red cinchona, bitter orange 
peel and serpentaria by percolation. 

The U. S. P. directs that 100 Cc. of the tincture shall yield 
not less than 0.4 Gm. nor more than 0.5 Gm. of the alkaloids of 
cinchona 

Synonym: Huxham’s Tincture of Bark. Compound T'ncture 
of Peruvian Bark. 

Uses: Bitter tonic and febrifuge. 

Preparation: Gargra’sma Guaiaci Composita, N. F. 

TINCTURA BENZOINI COMPOSITA, U. S. P. 

Compound Tincture of Benzoin 

Make 50 Cc. 

Compound Tincture of Benzoin is made by macerating the 
drugs in the alcohol for three days and then filter'.ng. The resinous 
tincture is incompatible with water and perfectly dry vessels must 
be used in its preparation. 


The preparation is very similar to many of the old time semi¬ 
proprietary preparations: Wade’s, Vervain’s, Friar’s, Saint Vic¬ 
tor’s, Jesu.t’s, Swedish, Pers.an and Turlington’s Balsam. While 
Compound Tincture of Benzoin is not identical with the proprie¬ 
taries just mentioned, it is generally dispensed on calls for any 
of the above. 

It is of a deep red-brown color and a pleasant balsamic odor. 

Uses: It is sometimes given internally in bronchitis. It U 
often used as an inhalant by adding to hot water and inhaling the 
vapors ; .n the early stages of bronchitis. Locally it is used as * 
protective for ulcers, sore nipples, etc. 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


47 


TINCTURA OPII CAjMPHORATA, U. S. P. 

Camphorated Tincture of Opium 

Make 100 Cc. 

The above tincture, better known as Paregoric, is the weakest 
preparation of opium that we have. It contains 0.4 of 1 per cent, 
of opium or 4 Gm. in 1000 Cc. In the absence of powdered opium 
the preparation can be made from the Tincture of Opium, by tak¬ 
ing 40 Cc. of the tincture instead of the 4 Gm. of powdered opium. 

Each teaspoonful of paregoric contains approximately one-fourth 
grain of opium. 

Synonym: Paregoric. (Opii tinctura benzoici P. I.) 

Uses: Anodyne and carminative. Largely employed to re¬ 

lieve abdominal pain, check diarrhoea, allay cough, and as a mild 
sedative for infants. 

Preparations: Mistura Glycyrrhizae Composita. Mistura 

Pectoralis, Stokes, N. F. 

tinctura opii, u. s. p. 

Tincture of Opium 

Make 100 Cc. 

Granulated Opium- 100 '? m - 

Alcohol- 400 UC ’ 

Water, 

Diluted Alcohol, each, a sufficient quantity 

to make about-- 1000 Cc. 

Heat 400 Cc. of water to boiling and pour it on the granulated 
opium contained in a suitable vessel and stir occasionally, until 
the mixture becomes cold. Strain through muslin, express the resi¬ 
due and reserve this infusion. Repeat this extraction with por¬ 
tions of 250 Cc. of hot water until the opium is completely ex¬ 
hausted. Evaporate the second and succeeding portions of in¬ 
fusions on a water bath, to a soft extract. Dissolve this extract m 
the reserve infusion and transfer to a bottle and add 400 Cc. of 
alcohol. Let stand overnight and filter and wash the bottle and 
filter with sufficient dilute alcohol to make 950 Cc. 

Assay a portion as directed in the U. S. P., and adjust the vol¬ 
ume of the finished Tincture so that each 100 Cc. contains 1 Gm. 
of anhydrous morphine. 





48 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


The tincture has a deep reddish-brown color and the charac¬ 
teristic odor and bitter taste of opium. 

Synonym: Laudanum. Tinctura Thebaica. (Opii tinctura 

I. P.) 

Uses: Anodyne and hypnotic. 

Preparations: L'nimentum Opii Compositum, N. F.; Lotio 
Plumbi et Opii, N. F.; Mistura Camphorae Acida, N. F.; Mistura 
Carminativa, N. F.; Mistura Copaibae et Opii, N. F.; Mistura Mag- 
nesiae, Asafoetidae et Opii, N. F.; Mistura Opii et Chloroformi Com- 
posita, N. F.; Mistura Opii et Rhei Composita, N. F.; Mistura Opii 
et Sassafras, N. F.; Tinctura Kmo et Opii Composita, N. F.; Tinc¬ 
tura Pectoralis, N. F. 

What is the assay requirement for Tincture of Opium? See 
U. S. P. 

How much Morphine in one fluid-dram of the tincture? 

TINCTURA OPII DEODORATI, U. S. P. 

Tincture of Deodorized Opium 

Make 100 Cc. 

Deodorized Tincture of Opium is of the same morphine strength 
as the plain tincture of opium. In order to deprive the opium of 
its peculiar nauseating principle, to which the odor of the drug is 
due, the U. S. P. directs that the infusion shall be treated with 
purified petroleum benzin. Formerly ether was used instead of 
benzin, but the benzin is preferable to the ether in that benz n does 
not form an emulsion like ether. A method which is less trouble, 
and gives equally as satisfactory results is to use melted paraffin 
in place of the benzin. To the hot infusion is added the paraffin 
in small p.eces and it is shaken and allowed to cool. The paraffin 
crust is then broken and the deodorized liquid is poured off. 

Uses: Same as Tincture of Opium, ‘ but is not supposed to 
produce nausea, headache, and bad after-effects. 

Preparation: Tinctura Ipecacuanhae et Opii, N. F. 

28. Spirits. 

Spirits are alcoholic solutions of volatile substances. Twenty- 
three spirits are recognized in the U. S. P. and N. F. all of which 

can be prepared by the pharmacist in any store, with the exception 
of two. 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


49 


The majority of the spirits are solutions of volatile oils, and 
only the very best oil should be used, as the value of the finished 
product depends entirely on the oil used. Some of the vo'atile 
oils acquire a terebinthinate odor, especially is this true of orange 
peel, lemon, nutmeg, and juniper, and when in this condition it 
should not be used. 

When the above mentioned oils are received in stock, the cork 
should be drawn from the bottle and about 5 per cent of al¬ 
cohol added to the oil. This will prevent them from acquiring the 
terebinthinate odor. 

Spirits are frequently called Essences. 

SPIRITUS CAMPHORAE, U. S. P. 

Spirit of Camphor 

Make 50 Cc. 

Spirit of Camphor is no doubt one of the most universally used 
preparations of the entire pharmacopoeia. It is used internally 
and externally, and is a common household remedy for many ail¬ 
ments. 

Synonym: Tincture of Camphor. 

Uses: Internally in diarrhoea, also in hysteria, etc. Exter¬ 

nally it is used in liniments. 

Preparations: Lotio Ammoniacalis Camphorata, N. F.; Mis- 

tura Opii et Chloroform- Composita, N. F.; Mistura Opii et Rhei 
Composita, N. F.; Tinctura Kino et Opii Composita, N. F.; Tinc- 
tura Pectoralis, N. F. 


SPIRITUS MENTHAE PIPERITAE, U. S. P. 

Spirit of Peppermint 

Make 50 Cc. 

The peppermint leaves are ordered macerated in water for 
one hour and then strongly expressed. The water removes water- 
soluble compounds and a more permanent green color is produced. 

Synonym: Essence of Peppermint. 

Uses: Carminative. 


50 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


SPIRITUS AMMONIAE AROMATICUS, U. S. P. 

Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia 

■Make 100 Cc. 

In making Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia the ammonium car¬ 
bonate is added to the dilute ammonia water in a suitable flask 
and allowed to stand for twelve hours. This is for the purpose 
of converting any insoluble carbonate to the normal or soluble 
carbonate. The oils are dissolved in the alcohol and the solution 
of ammonium carbonate is added to the alcoholic solution and the 
whole allowed to stand for twenty-four hours. This is for the 
purpose of allowing any insoluble salt to be precipitated, whereby 
it is filtered out. 

The preparation is a nearly colorless liquid, but it gradually 
acquires a yellow color. This coloration is due to the ammonia 
acting on the oils as well as on impurities in the alcohol. The 
coloration in no wise interferes with the medicinal properties of 
the preparation. 

Uses: Stimulant and Carminative. When administered should 

be largely diluted. 

Preparations: Tinctura Guaiaci Ammoniata, U. S. P.; Tinc- 

tura Valerianae Ammoniata, U. S. P.; Liquor Sodae et Menthae, 
N. F.; Tinctura Kino et Opii Composita, N. F. 

SPIRITUS AETHERIS NITROSI, U. S. P. 

Spirit of Nitrous Ether 

It is not practicable to make this preparation in the average 
store by the formula given, in the U. S. P. The resu t is that the 
pharmacists buy the preparation from some reliable manufacturer. 

The spirit deteriorates rapidly and loses strength and the 
great majority of that purchased from drug jobbers, drawn from 
large containers, is of inferior quality. The spirit should be pre¬ 
served in small, well stoppered bottles (amber colored) in a cool 
and dark place. 

In the author’s .opinion, the most practicable way of making 
the spirit and dispensing a preparation that will meet the require¬ 
ments, is to purchase the concentrated nitrous ether in sealed 
glass tubes, (not in bottles), and mix this with the necessary amount 
of alcohol. In this way small amounts can be made and on very 
short order. 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


51 


Synonym: Sweet Spirit of Nitre. 

Uses: Diaphoretic and diuretic. 

Preparations: Mistura Glycyrrhizae*Composita, U. S. P.; Mis- 
tura Copaibae, N. P.; Mistura Copaibae et Opii, N. F. 

What is the U. S. P. requirement for the spirit? 

29. Fluidextracts. 

Fluidextracts are concentrated solutions of the active princi¬ 
ples of vegetable drugs, containing alcohol either as a solvent or 
as a preservative. Each cubic centimeter of fluidextract is sup¬ 
posed to represent one gram of the drug. Those fluidextracts ow¬ 
ing their activity to some specific alkaloid, the U. S. P. directs to 
be stardardized to a certain alkaloidal strength. 

Thei official directions for the preparation of fluidextracts are 
intended for the quantity of drug designated in the formula. In 
operating on large quantities of drugs, manufacturers are com¬ 
pelled to modify the formula to some* extent, especially fineness of 
powder, firmness of packing, etc. In some cases they resort to 
maceration and expression instead of percolation. The rate of 
percolation for the quantities given in the U. S. P. should not ex¬ 
ceed 10 drops per minute. 

Fluidextracts should be set aside for at least three months 
before they are bottled for the market. The menstruum dissolves 
certain extractive matter which it is incapable of retaining in per¬ 
fect solution under varying changes of temperature, and in three 
months time this will be precipitated, when the preparation can be 
filtered and bottled. Fluidextracts made with heat show a great¬ 
er deposit than those made without heat. 

Forty-eight fluidextracts are recognized in the U. S. P. and 
ninety in the N. F. 

FLUIDEXTRACTUM GLYCYRRHIZAE, U. S. I*. 

Fluidextract of Glj cyrrhiza 
Fluidextract of Licorice 
Make 100 Cc. 

The add tion of the ammonia water to the menstruum is for 
the purpose of extracting the glycyrrhizin (the sweet principle of 
the licorice) which is present in the drug in an insoluble form, but 
is rendered soluble by the ammonia. 







52 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


Chloroform water is used instead of plain water because it is 
a preservative and prevents the preparation from becoming sour 
dur'.ng the process of making. 

The first fifty per cent of the percolate is set aside as re¬ 
serve portion which is later dissolved in the evaporated percolate; 
then water is added to make the required amount. This is now 
mixed with the alcohol and allowed to stand for seven days to al¬ 
low precipitation of mucilaginous and other inert matter, when 
the preparation is filtered. 

Uses: Vehicle. 

Preparations: Elixir Glycyrrhiza, U. S. P.; Syrupus Saisa- 

parillae Compositus, U. S. P.; Elixir Glycyrrhizae Aquosum, N. F.; 
Elixir Glycyrrhizae Aromaticum, N. F.; Elixir Taraxaci Composi- 
tum, N. F., Syrupus Cimicifuga Compositum, N. F. 

FLUIDEXTRACTUjM SENNAE, U. S. P. 

Fluidextract of Senna 
.Make 100 Cc. 

Fluidextract of Senna is prepared by type process “A” using 
a mixture of one volume of alcohol and two volumes of water as 
the menstruum. The working formula is entirely different to 
that of the 8th U. S. P., which first percolated the drug with al¬ 
cohol, rejected the percolate in order to get rid of the griping 
resinous principle, and then after drying the drug it was percolated 
with dilute alcohol. 

Uses: Laxative and cathartic. 

Preparations: Syrupus Sarsaparillae Compositus, U .S. P.; 

Syrupus Sennae, U. S. P.; Elixir Cascarae Compositum, N. F.; Elix¬ 
ir Catharticum Compositum, N. F.; Syrupus Ficorum Compos tus, 
N. F.; Syrupus Sennae Aromaticus, N. F.; Syrupus Sennae Com¬ 
positus, N. F. 

FLUIDEXTRACTUM CASCARAE SAGRADAE AROMATICUM. 

U. S. P. 

Aromatic Fluidextract of Caseara Sagrada 
Make 100 Cc. 

The cascara sagrada is mixed with the magnesium oxide and 
moistened with the boiling water and set aside for two hours for 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


53 


the purpose of removing the bitter taste of the drug. The prepara¬ 
tion is made aromatic with the benzosulphinide, the extract of 
glycyrrhiza and the volatile oils. 

It will be noticed that the dose of the aromatic fluidextract is 
double that of the straight fluidextract, and that the same amount 
of cascara is used in making both. This is due to the fact that 
the magnesium oxide in removing the bitter taste destroys some of 
the activity of the drug. The dose of the aromatic fluidextract 
really should be at least four times that of the straight or bitter 
fluidextract. 

Synonym: Tasteless Fluidextract of Cascara. Sweet Cascara. 

Uses: One of the most largely used laxatives. 

Preparations: Elixir Cascarae Sagradae, N. F.; Elixir Casca- 

rae Sagradae Compositum, N. F. 

FLUIDEXTRACTUM PRUNl VIRGINIAN AE, N. F. 

Fluidextract of Wild Cherry 
Make 100 Cc. 

This fluidextract official in the U. S. P. 8th, was made with¬ 
out any evaporation. The N. F. directs that the last portion be 
evaporated to a soft extract and dissolved in the reserve portion. 
In all probability the fluidextract was better when made without 
the heat. 

Uses: Mainly in cough mixtures as a sedative. 

FLUIDEXTRACTUM BELLADONNAE RADIOS, U. S. P. 

Fluidextract of Belladonna Root 
Make 100 Cc. 

Uses: Mydriatic, anodyne, stimulant, etc. 

Preparation: Linimentum Belladonnae. 

30. Fluidglycerites. 

Fluidglycerites are intended to be the same drug strength as 
Fluidextracts. They are made with a menstruum composed of a 
mixture of glycer ne and water, followed by chloroform and water, 
and contain in the finished preparation 50 per cent of glycerine, 
but no alcohol. Only five are official and they are found in the 
'N. F. 


54 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


3 1. Extracts. 

Extracts are solid or semi-solid preparations, obtained by ex¬ 
hausting drugs with appropriate solvents and carefully evaporating 
the solutions to the proper consistence. 

The U. S. P. recognizes three kinds of extracts, those of a 
semi-liquid consistence, those of a pilular consistence, and those 
evaporated to complete dryness and hence in a powdered form. 

Pilular Extracts. By pilular is meant that condition which 
will allow the extract to be rolled into pills without adhering to 
the fingers or subsequently losing shape. This condition is rarely 
met with, nor is it to be especially desired, since the extract is sel¬ 
dom prescribed alone, but usually in combination with something 
else. The trouble is that some of the extracts are prone to get 
tough and hard in course of time. These are best retained in 
proper condition by incorporating with them, while still warm, 10 
per cent, of their weight of glycerine. 

In the official formulas glucose is directed as the d luent for 
pilular extracts. 

Powdered Extracts. These differ from pilular extracts in 
that they are dry, fine powders. Both extracts have advantages 
over each other. The powdered extracts can be more conveniently 
weighed and much more easily dispensed. When extracts are ord¬ 
ered in ointments, suppositories, etc., the pilular extract should be 
used. 

In the official formulas dried starch and magnesium oxide are 
directed as the diluent, but permission is given to use other dilu¬ 
ents—sugar of milk, powdered licorice, magnesium carbonate, or 
the finely powdered marc from which the extract was made. 

Only one semi-liquid extract is official, namely: Extract Malt. 

The extracts are all of definite strength, which see in U. S. 
P. and N. F. 

EXTRACTUiM CASCARAE SAGRADAE, U. S. P. 

Extract of Cascara Sagrada 
Make 30 Gm. 

This extract is three times as strong as the drug from which 
it is made. 

Uses: Purgative. 

Preparation: Pilulae Aloini, Strychninae et Belladonnae 

Compositae, N. F. 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


55 


EXTRACTUM COLOCYNTHIDIS, U. S. P. 

Extract of Colocynth 
Make 25 Gm. 

This extract is four times the strength of the drug from which 
it is made. 

Uses: Active cathartic. The main use is in making the com¬ 

pound extract. 

Preparations: Extractum Colocynthidis Compositum, U. S. P. 

Pilulae Colocynthidis et Hyoscyami, N. F.; Pilulae Colocynthidis 
Compositae, N. F. 

EXTRACTUM COLOCYNTHIDIS COMPOSITUM, U. S. P. 

Compound Extract of Colocynth 
Make 25 Gm. 

This is the only official compound extract. It is a mixture of 
16 parts of extract of colocynth, 50 parts of aloes, 5 parts of carda¬ 
mon seed, 14 parts of resin of scammony, and 15 parts of dried soap. 

There is probably no extract any more largely used, especially 
in the Southern States, where it is generally an ingrdeient along 
with calomel in prescriptions. 

Uses: Laxative and purgative. 


Preparations: Pilulae Catharticae Compositae, U. S. P. ; Pi¬ 
lulae Catharticae Vegetables, N. F.; Pilulae An'tidyspepticae, N. F.; 
Pilulae Colocynthidis et Podophylli, N. F.; Pilulae Laxative Post 
Partum, N. F. 


EXTRACTUM GENTIANAE, U. S. P. 

Extract of Gentian 
Make one-tenth of formula. 

The Gentian is exhausted with cold water, since all of the 
bitter valuable principles are soluble in cold water. Hot water 
increases the yield more than double due to large quantities of 
pectin compounds being dissolved, but the extract is of inferior 
quality. 


56 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


The object of boiling the percolate as directed in the U. S. P. 
is to coagulate the albuminous matter and remove same by strain¬ 
ing. The strained liquid is then evaporated to a pilular consistence 
whereby we obtain a good smooth extract, perfectly soluble in cold 
water. 

Uses: Bitter tonic. Mainly as pill excipient. 

Preparations: 

Pilulae Antiperiodicae, N. F. 

Pilulae Ferri, Quininae, Aloes, et Nucis Vomicae, N. F. 

EXTRACTUM NUCIS VOMICAE, U. S. P. 

Extract of Nux Vomica. 

Make one-tenth of formula. 

Nux Vomica contains a large quantity of fixed oil, which inter¬ 
feres with making a dry, powdered extract. 

The official directions in the U. S. P. provide for the removal 
of this fatty matter by treating the concentrated percolate with 
successive portions of benzin. 

The benzin in removing the fixed oil, dissolves out some of the 
alkaloidal constituents of the drug, and in order to recover the 
alkaloids, the mixed benzin solutions are treated in a separator 
with a mixture of water and diluted sulphuric acid, the acid con¬ 
verts the alkaloids into sulphates, which are soluble in water but 
not in benzin. The water containing the sulphates is shaken with 
ammonia and then with portions of chloroform. The ammonia 
liberates the alkaloids, which are readily dissolved by the chloro¬ 
form. The chloroform solutions are added to the extract and the 
whole evaporated to dryness, and in this way the alkaloids dissolved 
by the benzin are brought back into the extract. 

The requirement for Extract of Nux Vomica of the U. S. P. 
8th was that it should contain 5 per cent of strychnine. 

The present requirement of the 9th U. S. P. is approximately 
16 per cent of total alkaloids of Nux Vomica. 

Uses: Bitter stomachic and tonic. 

Preparations: Pilulae Aloes et Podophylli Compositae, N. F., 

Pilulae Ferri, Quininae, Aloes, et Nucis Vomica, N. F.; Pilulae Lax¬ 
ative Post Partum, N. F. 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


57 


82. Resins. 

The official Resins are solid preparations of vegetable origin 
containing those principles which are soluble in alcohol and in¬ 
soluble in water. In this respect they differ from the alcoholic 
extracts. 

The resins for which a process of manufacture is given are 
made by exhausting the drug with alcohol and then percipitating 
the resinous matter from the tincture by the addition of water. 

RESINA JALAPAE, U. S. P. 

Resin of Jalap 
Make one-tentli of formula. 

Resin of Jalap occurs in yellow to brown-colored masses or 
fragments, breaking with a resinous, glassy fracture. As seen in 
the store it is usually in the form of a powder. 

Uses: Purgative. 

Preparations: Pilulae Catharticae Compositae, U. S. P.; Pilulae 

Catharticae Vegetabiles, N. F. 


88. Oleoresins. 

The official Oleoresins are made by exhausting the drug with 
ether in a percolator suitable for volatile liquids, and the subsequent 
evaporation of the menstruum. Oleoresin of cubeb is an exception 
in that it is made with alcohol. 

Six oleoresins are recognized in the U. S. P. 

OLEORESIN A CAPS1CI, U. S. P. 

Oleoresin of Capsicum 
Make one-tenth of formula. 

It will be noticed that in the U. S. P., in the case of all other 
oleoresins, directs the drug to be percolated to exhaustion. Owing 
to the large amount of fat in capsicum it is not desirable to carry 
the percolation to complete exhaustion. The oleoresin shortly 
after being made deposits granular fat and this should be separated 
by straining. 

Its main use is in making the Capsicum Plaster, U. S. P. 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


58 


34. Collodions. 

Collodions are liquid prepartions for external use. The base 
of collodions is a solution of pyroxylin in a mixture of alcohol and 
ether. 

Pyroxylin, or soluble gun cotton, is made by treating purified 
cotton with a mixture of sulphuric and nitric acids. 

Three collodions are recognized in the U. S. P. and five in 
the N. F. 


COLLODIUM, U. S. P. 

Collodion 

Make 50 Cc. 

The above is a simple solution of pyroxylin in a mixture of 
alcohol and ether. The preparation should be made in a perfectly 
dry bottle. Collodion is the vehicle of Flexible Collodion, which 
is the vehicle of all the other official collodions. 

COLLODIUM FLEXILE, U. 8. P. 

Flexible Collodion 

Make 50 Cc. 

The addition of camphor and castor oil to the simple collodion 
renders it flexible, hence its name. 

COLLODIUM CANTHARIDATUM, U. 8. P. 

Canthaiidal Collodion 

Make 5 0 Gm. 

The Cantharides is extracted with the acetone to which the 
glacial acetic acid has been added. (In the 8th. U. S. P. chloro¬ 
form was used for this purpose). The solvent is distilled off and 
the residue mixed with the flexible collodion. 

Synonyms: Blistering Collodion. Vesicating Collodion. 

Uses: Blistering agent, best applied with camel’s hair brush. 

COLLODIUM SALICYLICI COMPOSITUM, N. F. 

Compound Salicylic Collodion 

Make 25 Gm. 

The above preparation is very similar to many of the liquid 
corn remedies on the market. 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


59 


35. Soaps. 

When alkali hydroxides are heated with fats or fixed oils 
complete saponification takes place resulting in a new compound 
being formed called soap. Hard soaps are made with sodium hy¬ 
droxide and soft soaps are made with potassium hydroxide. 

The U. S. P. recognizes two soaps, Sapo or hard soap and 
commonly called castile soap, made from sodium hydroxide and 
olive oil, and Sapo Mollis or soft soap made from potassium hydrox¬ 
ide and cottonseed oil. 

SAPO MOLLIS, U. S. P. 

Soft Soap 
Make 50 Gm. 

If the potassium hydroxide is full strength as directed by the 
U. S. P. no trouble will be experienced in making the soap. The 
alcohol is used for the purpose of aiding saponification. 

Soft soap is commonly called “Green Soap.” Formerly the 
great majority was imported from Germany and was made from 
green olive oil which gave it a green color. The color has nothing 
to do with the value of the soap and much of the soft soap today 
is made with cottonseed oil. 

Preparations: Linimentum Saponis Mollis, U. S. P.; Linimen- 

tum Saponis Mollis Compositum, N. F. 

Uses: Soft soap is used in skin diseases and as a detergent in 

surgery. 


Liquid Soap 


Sodium Hydroxide - 4 Gm. 

Potassium Hydroxide - 4 Gm. 

Cottonseed Oil - 50 Cc. 

Alcohol _ 2 5 Cc. 

Water, sufficient quantity to make-250 Cc. 


Dissolve the potassium and sodium hydroxide in about 25 Cc. 
of water, add the alcohol, and then the cottonseed oil in several por¬ 
tions, shaking vigorously after each addition. When saponification 
is complete add the remainder of the water previously warmed, in 
portions, shaking after each addition until a clear solution is ob¬ 
tained. 

The above makes a very good liquid soap for use in hotels and 
other such places. Adding a small amount of compound solution 
of cresol to the solution gives you a good liquid germicidal soap. 







GO 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


36. Liniments. 

Liniments are liqu'd or senr.-liquid preparations made up in 
a vehicle of alcohol, alcohol and water, a fixed oil, or a "volatile 
oil. They are applied to the skin with friction, and for ender- 
matic medication are superior to other external preparations of a 
similar kind. The U. S. P. recognizes 8 liniments and the N. F. 9. 

LINIMENTUM AMMONIAE, U. S. P. 

Ammonia Liniment 
Make 50 Cc. 

Ammonia Liniment was formerly made with olive oil and cot¬ 
tonseed oil. At the present time it is made with sesame oil. 

The olein, which is the chief constituent of the sesame oil 
is acted upon by the ammonia water forming a soap (ammonium 
oleate) and glycerin. The liniment should be freshly made when 
wanted. 

Synonym: Volatile Liniment. Hartshorn Liniment. 

Uses: Rubefacient in rheumatic pains, etc. 

LINIMENTUM CALCIS, U. S. P. 

Lime Liniment 
Make 50 Cc. 

A reaction similar to the one in Ammonia Liniment takes 
place in the making of this liniment. The linolein of the linseed 
oil ia acted upon by the calcium hydroxide, forming a soap. 

This liniment like the above should always be freshly pre¬ 
pared when wanted. 

Synonym: Carron Oil. 

Uses: Burns and scalds. 

LINIMENTUM CAMPHORAE, U. S. P. 

Camphor Liniment 

Make 50 Cc. 

The cottonseed oil is heated in a flask on a water bath, the 
camphor is then added, the flask stoppered securely, and the cam¬ 
phor is dissolved without further heating. 



Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 61 

It is important that the flask or bottle used be entirely free 
from moisture. The camphor is best dissolved by cutting into very 
small pieces. 

Synonym: Camphorated Oil. 

Uses: Camphor Liniment is much used as a counter-irritant, 
especially in acute bronchitis. 

Preparation: Ceratum Camphorae, N. F. 

LINIMENTUM SAPONIS, U. S. P. 

Soap Liniment 

Make 100 Cc. 

The official directions for making this liniment differ ma¬ 
terially from those of the U. S. P. 8th edition. In the author’s 
experience the old working formula is to be preferred; however, 
if good, well dried, castile soap is used, a perfect preparation can 
be obtained. 

The liniment is set aside for 2 4 hours before filtering to allow 
any sodium palmitate which may be present in the soap, and which 
is insoluble in the menstruum used, to precipitate, whereby it is 
filtered out. 

Synonym: Liquid Opodeldoc. 

Uses: Anodyne and rubefacient, mostly as a vehicle for more 

active substances. 

Preparations: Linimentum Chloroformi, U. S. P.; Linimentum 

Aconiti et Chloroformi, N. F. 

LINIMENTUM SAPONIS MOLLIS, U. S. P. 

Liniment of Soft Soap 

Make 50 Cc. 

This liniment is prepared by dissolving soft soap in alcohol 
and flavoring with oil of lavender. 

Synonym: Tincture of Green Soap. 

Uses: As a shampoo for the scalp and in various skin diseases. 
Often medicated with more active drugs. 


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Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


LINIMENTUM TERERINTHINAE, U. S. P. 

Turpentine Liniment 

Make 50 Gm. 

This liniment made from rosin cerate and oil of terpentine is 
a semi-solid preparation. 

Synonym: Kentish’s Liniment. Kentish’s Ointment. 

Uses: Burns and scalds mainly. 

LINIMENTUM TERERINTHINAE ACETICUM, N. F. 

Acetic Turpentine Liniment 

This preparation is an egg emulsion of turpentine reinforced 
as a counter-irritant with acetic acid. The oil of lemon is used 
solely to give odor, hut is destroyed entirely by the turpentine, 
hence is an expensive and useless addition. 

Synonym: Linimentum Album. Stokes’ Liniment. St. John 

Long’s Liniment. 

Uses: A powerful counter-irritant, splendid for stock. 

37. Petroxolins. 

In the Third Edition of the National Formulary “Liquid 
Petrox’’ and “Solid Petrox” were recognized under the official title 
of “Petrolatum Saponatum Liquidum and Petrolatum Saponatum 
Spissum” respectively. In the Fourth Edition the list of this class 
of preparations was increased to twenty and the title changed to 
Petroxolinum, the synonym being “Petrox.” 

The base of the Petroxolins consists of liquid petrolatum, oleic 
acid and ammonia. The ole c acid and ammonia form a soap which 
mixes to a clear solution with the liquid petrolatum. 

The Petroxolins are intended for external application. The 
Liquid Petrox is used as a vehicle for liquid petroxolins; and the 
Solid Petrox is used as a vehicle for solid petroxolins. 

PETROXOLINUM LIQUIDUM, N. F. 

Liquid Petroxolin 

Make 50 Gm. 

Uses: Vehicle for liquid petroxolins. 


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Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 

PETROXOLINUM SPISSUIM, N. F. 

Solid Petroxolin 
Make 10 Gm. 

Uses: Vehicle for solid petroxolins. 

38. Nebulae. Sprays. 

This class of preparations is official for the first time in the 
N. F. IV. They are intended to be used by spraying from atomizer 
or nebulizer. The base used in preparing them is light liquid pe¬ 
trolatum. Formulas are given for five. 

NEBULA AROMATICA, N. F. 

Aromatic Oil Spray 
Make 50 Cc. 

The above preparation is used as a spray and is quite largely 
prescribed by nose and throat specialists. It is practically the same 
thing as a trade preparation on the market. 

39. Oleates. 

The Oleates are liquid preparations made by dissolving alkaloids 
in oleic acid. Oleate of Mercury is an exception, in that it is made 
from mercuric oxide and is of soft ointment-like consistence. 

They are for external use to be applied by rubbing and intended 
to produce systemic effect, being more readily absorbed than any 
other external preparation. 

Only one Oleate is official in the U. S. P. while five are rec¬ 
ognized in the N. F. 

OLE ATOM HYDRARGYRI, U. S. P. 

Oleate of Mercury 
Make 10 Gm. 

Made from yellow oxide of mercury, oleic acid and alcohol. 
The alcohol is for the purpose of dividing the mercury salt, and it 
also aids the reaction with the oleic acid. 

Care must be taken that the preparation be not heated above 
50 degrees C as the salt is apt to be reduced to metallic mercury. 


64 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


All contact with metallic utensils must be avoided. 

Uses: Rubbed into the skin as an antisyphilitic, alterative, etc. 

Preparations: Massa Hydrargyri, U. S. P.; I nguentum H} 

drargyri, U. S. P. 

40. Unguenta. Ointments. 

Ointments are solid preparations for external use to be applied 
by friction. They are of such consistence that they generally melt 
at the temperature of the body. 

Therapeutically, ointments may be divided into three classes, 
(a) those intended to act only upon the outer skin; (b) those in¬ 
tended to penetrate into the skin; (c) those intended to produce 
systemic effect by penetrating into and through the skin. For 
the first class, petrolatum is the base usually employed; for the 
second class lard is the base usually employed; and for the third 
class wool fat is the best base. 

The official ointments are made in three ways, by fusion, by 
simple incorporation, while a third, nitrate of mercury, is made by 
chemical action. 


ADEPS BENZOINATUS, U. S. P. 

Benzoinated Lard 
Make 100 Gm. 

Uses: Ointment base. The benzoin prevents the lard from 
becoming rancid. 

UNGUENTUM ZINCI OXIDI, U. S. P. 

Ointment of Zinc Oxide 

Make 25 Gm. 

Ointment of Zinc Oxide is probably the most generally used 
of all the ointments. It is very essential that the best zinc oxide 
be used in its preparation. 


Uses: Various skin diseases, as eczema, etc. 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


65 


UNGUENTUM BELLADONNAE. U. S. P. 

Belladonna Ointment 

Make 10 Gm. 

When extracts are ordered in ointments, the pilular form should 
be used, as they make smoother ointments. Since both the pilular 
and powdered extract of belladonna are official, the U. S. P. di¬ 
rects the pilular in the formula. 

The wool fat is used to aid absorption. 

Uses: Sedative and anodyne. 

UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI 0X11)1 FUAVI, U. S. P. 

Ointment of Yellow (Mercuric Oxide 
Make 10 Gm. 

The water is used for the purpose of reducing the mercury 
salt to a fine powder. The hydrous wool fat takes up the water 
and also aids absorption of the ointment. 

The ointment is very largely used in various skin diseases, 
and in a diluted form it is used for the eye lids. Care should al¬ 
ways be taken to see that the oxide is in a fine powder and free 
from gritty particles. 

Uses: Antiseptic and germicide. 

UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI AMMONIATI, U. S. P. 

Ointment of Ammonia ted Mercury 
Make 10 Gm. 

The above is a 10 per cent ointment of ammoniated mercury 
made up in a base consisting of five parts of petrolatum and four 

parts of hydrous wool fat. 

Synonym: White Precipitate Ointment. 

Uses: Stimulant and parasiticide in ringworm, eczema, etc. 


66 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


UNGUENTUM AQUAE ROSAE, U. S. P. 

Ointment of Rose Water 

Make 50 Gm. 

In making the above ointment it is essential that the sodium 
borate be completely dissolved in the rose water, and that the solu¬ 
tion be warmed to the temperature of the melted fat. This is for 
the purpose of preventing sudden chilling, which would cause the 
ointment to be granular. Stirring rapidly and continuously, as 
directed, is necessary to produce a smooth, creamy ointment. 

The borax gives the ointment its white appearance, but since 
the ointment is frequently used as a vehicle for other medicinal 
agents, the borax may interfere with this by causing a chemical 
change to take place. In such cases the borax should be omitted. 

Synonym: Cold Cream. 

Uses: For chapped hands and face. 

UNGUENTUM PICIS LIQUIDAE, U. S. P. 

Tar Ointment 

Make 2 5 Gm. 

The above ointment is made by fusion, containing 50 per cent 
of tar in a vehicle of yellow wax and lard. 

Uses: Very largely employed in various skin diseases. 

UNGUENTUM SULPHURlS COMPOSITUM, N. F. 

Compound Sulphur Ointment 

Make 2 5 Gm. 

Synonym: Wilkinson’s Ointment. Hebra’s Itch Ointment. 

Uses: In the treatment of itch. 

UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI NITRATIS, U. S. P. 

Ointment of Mercuric Nitrate 

Make 50 Gm. 

If the directions are carefully followed no trouble will be ex¬ 
perienced in making the above ointment. 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


67 


Two chemical changes take place in making the ointment. 
When lard is heated with nitric acid, it undergoes oxidation. The 
olein of the lard is converted into a solid compound, known as 
elaidin. This is the first chemical reaction. The second takes 
place between the mercury and the nitric acid, forming nitrate of 
mercury. 

The incorporation of the mercuric nitrate with the elaidin 
is simply a mechanical mixture. 

If the preparation has been properly made as directed in the 
U. S. P. a bright lemon-yellow o ntment will be obtained. 

All contact with metallic utensils should be avoided. 

Synonym: Citrine Ointment. 

Uses: Active parasiticide and antisept'c, usually diluted with 

lard. 

UNGUENTUfM HYDRARGYRI, U. S. P. 

Mercurial Ointment 
Make 50 Gm. 

The oleate of mercury serves the double purpose of extinguish¬ 
ing the metallic mercury and also adds to the efficiency of the 
ointment. 

The preparation of the ointment is simply a mechanical opera¬ 
tion and the mercury can be easily recovered by the simple assay 
process given in the U. S. P- 

Formerly mercurial ointment was known as “Blue Ointment,” 
but this name is now applied to the official diluted mercurial oint¬ 
ment. 

The above ointment contains 50 per cent, of metallic mercury, 
while blue ointment contains approximately 30 per cent. 

Uses: Antisyphilitic and parasiticide. 

Preparation: Unguentum Hydrargyri Dilutum, U. S. P. 

41. Inunctions. 

Two preparations made with hydrous wool fat are recognized 
in the N. F., under the name of inunctions, namely menthol inunc- 
t on and compound menthol inunction. 


68 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


The compound menthol inunction is practically the same as 
the analgesic balms on the market. 

42. Cerates. 

Cerates differ from ointments in containing some wax, resin, 
or oleoresinous substance, hence they are stiffer than ointments. 

Ceratesi are usually spread upon linen or soft leather and ap¬ 
plied as dressings. 

Three cerates each are recognized in the U. S. P. and N. F. 

i CERATUM CAMPHORAE, N. F. 

Camphor Cerate 
Make 50 Gm. 

The above cerate is made from camphor liniment, white wax, 
white petrolatum, and benzoinated lard. In some localities it is 
a very popular preparation. 

Uses: Applied to throat and chest in colds. 

CERATUM RESINAE COMPOSITUM, N. F. 

Compound Rosin Cerate 
Make 50 Gm. 

This cerate, made from rosin, yellow wax, prepared suet, tur¬ 
pentine, and linseed oil, ig pron e to get tough and hard if kept on 
hand for some time. Liquid petrolatum has been suggested in¬ 
stead of the linseed oil. While it would prevent the preparation 
from becoming tough, it is doubtful if the cerate would be as good 
medicinally. 

Synonym: Deshler’s Salve. 

Uses: Stimulating dressing. 

CERATUM CANTHARIDIS, U. S. P. 

Cantharides Cerate 
Make 50 Gm. 

The object of moistening the cantharides for 4 8 hours with 
the mixture of glacial acetic acid and oil of turpentine is for the 
purpose of extracting the cantharidin and to facilitate the subse- 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


69 


quent solution in the fats. Formerly liquid petrolatum was used 
instead of the turpentine and acetic acid. 


The yellow wax, rosin, and benzoinated lard are melted to¬ 
gether and strained through muslin, the macerated cantharides 
added, and the mixture kept in a liquid condition by heating on 
a water bath until reduced to the proper weight. 


A certain amount of the melted mixture is always lost in the 
melting and straining and it will be found necessary to add more 
lard, at least 10 per cent more than is ordered in the formula. 

Synonym: Blistering Cerate. Blistering Ointment. Vesica¬ 

ting cerate. 

Uses: Vesicant, to be spread on cloth or adhesive plaster. 

Preparation: Emplastrum Cantharidis. 

CAMPHOR ICE 

Expressed Oil of Almond- 2.00 

Cetaceum - 4.00 

Cera Alba _ 2 - 00 

Camphorae-- 

Melt the cetaceum and wax, add the oil and then the camphor. 
43. Glycerogelatins. 

Glycerogelatins are soft masses, melting at the body tempera¬ 
ture, composed of gelatin, glycerin, water, and a medicament suit¬ 
able for application in dermatological practice. They are prepared 
with Glycerinated Gelatin (U. S. P.) as the vehicle. 

Four are official in the N. F. 


gelatinum guycerinatum, u. s. p. 

Glycerinated Gelatin 
Make 20 Gm. 


Uses: Vehicle. 

guycerogelatinum zinci durum, n. f. 

Firm Zinc Glycerogelatin 


Make 10 Gm. 

Uses: Protective and astringent. 






70 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


GLYCEROGELATINUM ZINCI MOLLE, N. F. 

Soft Zinc Glycerogelatin 
Make 10 Gm. 

Uses: Protective and astringent. 

44. Pastae Dermatologicae. Dermatologic Pastes. 

Dermatologic Pastes are medicaments for external use, em¬ 
ployed in the practice of dermatologists. They are ointment-like 
mixtures of starch, dextrin, zinc oxide, sulphur, calcium carbonate 
or other medicinal substances made into a paste with glycerine, 
soft soap, petrolatum, lard or other fats and medicated with an¬ 
tiseptic or astringent agents. 

PASTA BETANAPHTHOUS, N. F. 

Betanaphthol Paste 

Make 10 Gm. 

Synonym: Lassar’s Naphthol Paste. 

Uses: Antiseptic and parasiticide. 

PASTA KESOKC1NOUS MITIS, N. F. 

Mild Resorcinol Paste 
Make 10 Gm. 

Synonym: Lassar’s Mild Resorcinol Paste. 

Uses: Locally in mild skin diseases. 

PASTA ZINCI MOLLIS, N. F. 

Soft Zinc Paste 
Make 10 Gm. 

Synonym: Unna’s Soft Zinc Paste. 

Uses: Astringent. 

45. Stili Dilubiles. Paste Pencils. 

Preparations in the form of pencils for the direct application 
of medicinal agents. Only one paste pencil is official. 




Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


71 


STILI ACIDI SALICYLICI DILUBILES, N. F. 
Salicylic Acid Pencil 
Make 1/10 of the formula. 


4(>. Cataplasms. 

Cataplasms or poultices have long been in use as household 
remedies. Flaxseed meal, powdered elm bark, mustard, etc., are 
some of the remedies used. Only one cataplasm is recognized, 
namely the cataplasm of kaolin. 

CATAPLASM KAOL1NI, iN. F. 

Cataplasm of Kaolin 
Make 50 Gm. 

Cataplasm of Kaolin is very similar to a popular proprietary 
on the market. 

It should be preserved in air-tight contamers to prevent ab¬ 
sorbing moisture from the air. 

Uses: Antiphlogistic. 

47. Emplastrum. Plasters. 

Plasters are preparations intended for external application 
to be applied by being spread on some suitable material. 

The plasters are solids at ordinary temperature and must be 
spread with the aid of heat. 

The U. S. P. recognizes 4 spread plasters, and 3 plaster masses. 
The N. F. recognizes 2 plaster masses. 

EMPLASTRUM PLUMBI, U. S. P. 

Lead Plaster 

Make one-fortieth of formula. 

When the olive oil and lard are melted and mixed with the 
lead oxide and water, and boiled, chemical reaction takes place and 
a lead soap (lead oleate) is formed, glycerin is liberated, which 
is removed by washing with warm water. The presence of water 
is essential to facilitate the reaction between the lead oxide and 
the fats- it should be added from time to time to restore that lost 
by evaporation. The mass is finally freed from water by kneading 
on a slab. 


72 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


It should be rolled into cylinders and wrapped in parraffin paper 
to protect it from the air. 

Synonym: Diachylon Plaster. 

Uses: Mainly in the preparation of other plasters. 

Preparations: Unguentum Diachylon, U. S. P.; Emplastrurh 
Resinae, U. S. P.; Emplastrum Saponis, N. F. 

Spread Plasters. 

Spread a plaster of Cerate of Cantharides for the chest. 

Spread one for the ear. 

Spread one for the breast. 

Make your own pattern for the above out of cardboard. 

48. Mullae. Salve Mull. Steatins. 

Mulls are ointments of high fusing points, containing the de¬ 
sired medicinal agent, and spread on soft muslin or mull, in a 
manner similar to the ordinary spread plasters. Four are official 
in the N. F. 


MULL A CREOSOTI SALICYLATA, N. F. 

Salicylated Creosote Mull 
Make 10 Gm. 

Spread as directed in the N. F. 

49. Suppositories. 

Suppositories are solid, medicinal preparations intended for 
introduction into one of the orifices of the body. The base em¬ 
ployed in making them must be some substance that will melt at 
body temperature and there is nothing better for this purpose than 
oleum theobromatis (cocoa butter). Glycerinated gelatin is also 
largely employed. The size and shape not only depends upon the 
particular use to be made of the suppository, but also upon the 
base employed. 

When suppositories are intended for the urethra or nose they 
are usually termed bougies. When not otherwise directed, a rec¬ 
tal suppository is intended. 

Two pages are given over to suppositories in the U. S. P. which 
should be carefully read. Only one suppository is official in the 
U. S. P., namely glycerin , suppositories. The N. F. recognizes sup¬ 
positories of boroglycerin. 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


73 


SUPPOSITORIA GLYCERIN!, U. S. P. 

Suppositories of Glycerin 
Make 5. 

Chemical reaction takes place between the sodium carbonate 
and the stearic acid and is konwn to be complete when the evolu¬ 
tion of carbon dioxide ceases. 

The suppositories when finished should be translucent. If 
they are white it indicates that chemical reaction was not complete. 



Acidi Tann'ci_ 1.00 

01. Theobromatis q—s 

M. Ft. suppos. pro, recto, iii no. 

Make by hand. 



Plumbi Acetatis- 0-65 

Opii Pulvis___0.2 0 

Olei Theobromatis q—s 


M. Ft. suppos. pro, recto, iii no. 
Make by hand. 



Iodoformi - 

01. Theobromatis q—s 
M. Ft. suppos. pro. urethra iii no. 
Make by hand and by compression. 



Extracti Belladonnae- 

Morphinae Sulphatis - 

Olei Theobromatis q—s 

M. Ft. suppos. pro. vagina iii no. 

Make by hand and by compression. 


Chloral Hydrate - 

01. Theobromatis q—s 
M. Ft. suppos. pro. recto, iii no. 
Make by hand. 









74 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 



Thymol- 

Boric Acid_ 

Glycerin _ 

Water _ 

Glycerinated Gelatin q—s 

\M. Ft. suppos. pro. vagina iii no. 

Cast into mould. 

50. Emulsions. 

Emulsions are milk-like preparations containing a fixed or 
volatile oil, ether, chloroform, oleoresinous or similar substance in 
suspension in water by means of an emulsifying agent. 

There are a number of natural emulsions, as milk, yolk of 
egg, and the milk juice of certain plants. Milk is considered the 
most perfect emulsion. 

Emulsions prepared by the pharmacist may be divided into 
natural and artifical. To the natural class belong those which are 
made from seed or gum resins, by triturating with water, the oil 
or resin, and the gum or emulsifying agent, having been provided 
by nature. Artificial emulsions are those which require the addi¬ 
tion of some emulsifying agent, and are by far the most common 
emulsions. 


1.00 

2.00 

18.00 

10.00 


Emulsifying Agents. An emulsifying agent is a substance 
which keeps the oil, oleoresin, etc., in suspension. The agents em¬ 
ployed are acacia, tragacanth, yolk of egg, glycerite of yolk of egg, 
and irish moss mucilage. These are the most commonly used and 
acacia is considered by far the best. There are some commercial 
emulsifiers on the market and are said to contain casein, saponin, 
etc. 


Making Emulsions. Emulsions of fixed o'.ls oleoresins, etc., 
should be prepared in a mortar. Chloroform, ether and volatile 
oil emulsions are best prepared in a bottle. 

A wedgewood or porcelain mortar should be used; never at¬ 
tempt to make an emulsion in a glass mortar. 

Emulsions of fixed oils may be prepared by triturating the 
oil with the acacia in a perfectly dry mortar and then adding a 
portion of the water to form the primary emulsion, or they may 
be prepared by first making a mucilage of acacia and gradually 
adding the oil to the mucilage triturating briskly to form the 
emal:ion. The first method is usually employed. 






Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


75 


In making an emulsion by the first method a good rule to 
keep in mind is as follows,— Use not less than one-fourth nor more 
than one-half as much acacia as oil, and twice as much water as 
acacia, for making the primary emulsion. Place the powdered 
acacia in a perfectly dry mortar, then add the oil and triturate 
well to a smooth mixture. Now add the water all at once, and 
stir briskly until a perfect emulsion results, which is known by a 
creamy appearance. This is then diluted with the remainder of 
the water. 

Emulsions of volatile oils and ethers require more gum than 
fixed oils. Not less than half as much gum as volatile liquid 
should be used, and twice as much water as gum. Emulsions of 
volatile oils are more permanent when made with the addition of 
some fixed oil added to the volatile oil; such emulsions are best 
made in a mortar. Oil of turpentine is an exception, and unites 
with a very small amount of acacia and water to form an emulsion. 

Points to Be Remembered. Never measure water in an oily 
graduate or the oil in a wet graduate. It will more than likely 
break the emulsion. 

If the primary emulsion should fail, do not attempt to save 
it by the addition of more gum. If you have been careful and used 
the right proportions of gum and water, the addition of more gum 
will only increase the density, but will not save a ciacked emul¬ 
sion. 

When salts are ordered in emulsions, they should be dissolved 
in water and added lastly after the primary emulsion has been di¬ 
luted. The same thing applies to tinctures and other alcoholic 
liquids. If these are added directly to the undiluted primary 
emulsion, they may cause it to break. 

The National Formulary gives a list of flavoring agents for 
emulsions. 


EMULSUM AMYGDALAE, U. S. P. 

Emulsion of Almond 

Make 100 Cc. 

The sweet almonds are blanched by dropping them into hot 
water and rubbing off the outer coating. While the almonds 
triturated with water will make an emulsion, in the formula the 
preparation is fortified by the addition of acacia and sugar, which 
makes a more permanent preparation. 


76 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


The preparation is used solely as a vehicle for other mixtures, 
and should always be freshly prepared. 

Synonym: Milk of Almond. 

Uses: Vehicle. 

EMULSUM OLEI R1CINI, N. F. 

Emulsion of Castor Oil 
Make 50 Cc. 

The above is a 35 per cent castor oil emulsion, flavored with 
tincture of vanilla. 

Uses: Cathartic. 

EMULSION OLEI TEREBINTH IN AE, U. S. P. 

Emulsion of Oil of Turpentine 

Make 5 0 Cc. 

If the directions are followed no trouble whatever is exper¬ 
ienced in making the above emulsion. 

EMULSUM OLEI MORRHUAE, U. S. P. 

Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil 

Make 50 Cc. 

The above is a very palatable preparation of cod liver oil. The 
U. S. P. gives permission to replace methyl salicylate with any oth¬ 
er flavoring desired. 

EMULSUM OLEI MORRHUAE CUM 
HYPOPHOSPHITIBUS, N. F. 

Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil with Hypophosphites 

Make 50 Cc. 

EMULSUM OLEI MORRHUAE CUM VITELLO, N. F. 
Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil with Egg- 
Make 50 Cc. 

The above is an egg emulsion of cod liver oil and quite largely 

used. 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


77 


EMULSUM PETROL ATI, N. F. 

Emulsion of Petrolatum 

Make 50 Cc. 

This emulsion is similar to some of the trade preparations 
of petroleum emulsions on the market. 

EMULSUM CHLOROFORMI 
Chloroform Emulsion 


Chloroform - 

Expressed o'l of almond- 

Tragacanth, in very fine powder- 

Water, a sufficient quantity to make 


4 Cc. 
6 Cc. 
1.5 Gm 
100 Cc. 


Introduce the tragacanth into a perfectly dry bottle of suffi¬ 
cient capacity, add the chloroform and shake the bottle thoroughly 
so that every part of the surface may become wet. Then add about 
2 5 Cc. of water, and incorporate it by vigorous shaking. Next add 
the expressed oil of almond, in several portions, shaking after each 
addition, and when the oil has been thoroughly emulsified, add 
enough water, in divided portions, shaking after each addition, 
until the product measures 100 Cc. 

The above emulsion was formerly official in the U. S. P. and 
is still sometimes* prescribed. 


EMULSUM COPAIBAE 


Emulsion of Copaiba 


Copaiba - 

Potassium bicarbonatis- 

Tinctura Lavendulae Comp. 
Acacia, q—s 

Aqua q—s- 


15 Cc. 
2 Gm 
2 Cc. 

60 Cc. 


Make Emulsion. 

In making follow the rule given for making oil emulsions. 


P> 

Cam'phorae- 

Acacia q—s 

Syrupi - 

Aqua q—s- 

M. Ft. emulsum. 


0.50 

20.00 

100.00 













78 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


The camphor should first be dissolved in some bland oil, like 
expressed oil of almond, or a corresponding amount of the official 
liniment of camphor used, which in this case would be 2.5 Cc. 
Then emulsify as you would other fixed oils. 



Salol _ 2.00 

Acacia_ 2.00 

Syrup Tolu_ 10.00 

Aqua q—s-50.uo 


M. Ft. emulsum. 

The salol should be dissolved in about 4 Cc. of expressed oil 
of almond and emulsified. 

51. Pills. 

Pills are solid bodies, of an ovoid or globular shape, for internal 
administration. Large pills are called “Boluses” and are used in 
veterinary practice, small pills are frequently called “Granules,” 
and very small pills are sometimes called “Parvules.” 

The advantages of giving medicines in pill form lie in the 
small bulk to which the medicine is reduced and in the disguise of 
nauseous and bitter drugs, as the pill is swallowed without masti¬ 
cation. 

In making pills the first step is the formation of the ingred¬ 
ients into a proper mass, which necessitates the careful selection 
of the excipient. 

Excipients. It is impossible to select any one substance as an 
excipient that is suitable for all pill masses. They may be divided 
into three distinct classes: 

1. Those substances which act as solvents and develop ad¬ 
hesiveness. To this class belong water, alcohol, diluted alcohol, etc. 

2. Those which impart adhesiveness. To this class belong 
s>rup, honey, glucose, confection of rose, mucilage of tragacanth, ex¬ 
tracts, etc. The great majority of drugs prescribed in pill form 
do not possess adhesive properties, therefore this class of excipients 
are far more largely used than all others. 

o. This class ot excipients are known as absorbent excipients. 
They are added to give firmness when the mass is too soft. Starch, 
magnesium carbonate, licorice root, elm bark, marshmallow root, 
etc., are the most common. 






Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


79 


There is a fourth class of substances prescribed in pill form 
which cannot be made into a mass with the usual excipients. Ni¬ 
trate of silver, chloride of gold, permanganate of potash, etc., be¬ 
ing readily reducible substances, must be massed with something 
that will not cause decomposition. A mixture of petrolatum, paraf¬ 
fin and kaolin is one of the best excipients for pills of this character. 

Conspergatives. The pill mass quite often adheres to, the slab 
and fingers; this is prevented by using a dusting powder, called 
a conspergative. The substances most commonly used for this 
purpose are starch, lycopodium, licorice, purified talc, etc. 

Enteric Pills. These are pills coated with some substance 
that will not dissolve in the stomach, but will dissolve in the fluids 
of the intestines. At the prescription counter salol is usually used 
for this purpose. At least three coatings should be applied. The 
salol is melted on a water bath, the pills added and the dish rotated; 
a second and third coating is applied in the same manner. 

PILULAE ALOES, U. S. P. 

Pills of Aloes 
Make 20 Pills. 

Uses: Laxative and cathartic. 

PILULAE CATHARTICAE COMPOSITAE, U. S. P. 

Compound Cathartic Pills 
Make 20 Pills. 

Uses: Carthartic, especially for the liver. 

PILULAE FERRI CARBONATIS, U. S. P. 

Pills of Ferrous Carbonate 
Make 20 Pills. 

A chemical change takes place between the ferrous sulphate 
and the potassium carbonate forming ferrous carbonate. The sugar 
used retards the oxidation of the iron salt. 

The U. S. P. allows the use of monohydrated sodium carbonate 
in piace of the potassium carbonate. (See U. S. P.) 

Synonym: Chalybeate Pills. Blaud's Pills. Ferruginous Pills. 


80 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


PILULAE FERRI IODIDI, U. S. P. 

Pills of Ferrous Iodide 

Make 10 Pills. 

The reaction takes place between the reduced iron and the 
iodine, forming ferrous iodide, and is known to be complete when 
the reddish tint has disappeared. An excess of iron over iodine is 
used to prevent the liberation of iodine. The pills are given a 
resinous coating of tolu to prevent oxidation. 

Synonym: Blancard’s Pills. 

Uses: Alterative. 


R 

Quininae Sulphatis_2.00 Gm. 

Make into 15 pills. 

Quinine pills should always be white. Glucose may be 
used as the exc pient, or tartaric acid and simple syrup 
may be used. 

Starch is the proper dusting powder. 



Potassium Permanganatis 
Quininae Sulphatis 

Ferri Reducti aa_1.00 Gm. 

Make 12 pills. 

Kaolin or talc with petrolatum and paraffin i s the 
proper excipient. 

Avoid contact with metallic utensils. 


R 


Quninae Sulphatis 

Ferri Reducti aa_ 2.00 Gm. 

Arsenic Trioxidi 

Strychninia Sulphatis aa_ .032 Gm. 


Mix and make into a mass and divide into 30 equal 
parts and envelop in gelatin capsule. 

Select your excip'ent. 


R 

Pilulae Camphorae aa_ .130 

. . No. x 

Select your excipient. 







Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


81 


52. Masses. 

The U. S. P. recognizes two masses, Massa Ferri Carbonatis 
and Massa Hydrargyri. The N. F. recognizes Massa Copaibae. The 
only difference between the Masses and Pills is that the Masses are 
not finished up into pill form. The Masses are sometimes pre¬ 
scribed alone, but as a rule are constituents of other pill Masses. 

MASSA FERRI CARBONATIS, U. S. P. 

Mass of Ferrous Carbonate 
Make 20 Gm. 

Th ! .s is one of many preparations of ferrous carbonate, and s 
made by the reaction of monohydrated sodium carbonate on ferrous 
sulphate. 

FeS0 4 -f Na 2 CO :j = FeC0 3 -f Na 2 S0 4 

Ferrous Sodium Ferrous Sodium 

sulphate carbonate carbonate sulphate 

The solution of the iron salt should be poured slowly into the sol- 
lution of the sodium salt and the flask rotated until all the carbon 
dioxide has escaped. Syrup is ordered added to the iron solution 
and also to the water used in washing the precipitate to prevent 
oxidation of the iron. 

The preparation when finished is a very soft, dark greenish 
mass, too soft to be prescribed alone, and needs the addition of 
some absorbent powder. 

The mass should be well protected in closed containers. The 
U. S. P. requires it to contain not less than 35 per cent of ferrous 
carbonate. 

Synonym: Vallets Mass. 

Uses: Tonic in anemia and chlorosis. 

MASSA HYDRARGYRI, U. S. P. 

Mass of Mercury 
Make 2 5 Gm. 

Mass of Mercury is one of the oldest of all pill masses. The 
preparation contains 3 3 per cent of metallic mercury and has long 
been used as a purgative for the liver. 

Synonym: Blue Mass. Blue Pill. 


82 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


Uses: Laxative in small doses, purgative in large doses 


Powdered Blue Mass is quite frequently prescribed and can 
be made as follows: 


Mercury - 

Oleate of Mercury- 

Glycyrrhiza- 

Althea - 

Sugar of Milk- 

Alcohol quantity sufficient. 


33 Gm. 

1 Gm. 
10 Gm. 
15 Gm. 
41 Gm. 


The mercury is first triturated with oleate of mercury and then 
with finely powdered glycyrrhiza and althea, a small quantity of 
alcohol being added to keep in moist condition. The mass being 
made, the alcohol is allowed to evaporate, when it is mixed with 
sugar of milk, the whole reduced to a uniform powder and passed 
through a fine sieve. A drop of oil of rose may be added to give 
the flavor. 


53. Tablets. 

Tablets are of two kinds, those made from dry material in a 
granular form by compression and known as compressed tablets, 
and those made from moist material in a mould and known as 
tablet triturates. 

Compressed Tablets. In making compressed tablets the in¬ 
gredients, if more than a single substance, are first thoroughly 
mixed, then moistened with the proper moistening agent, which 
may be water, alcohol, dilute alcohol, or some other liquid, and 
passed through a number 10 to 20 sieve. The granules after 
thorough drying are now ready to be compressed. In most cases 
it is necessary to add to the granules some lubricant to prevent 
the tablet from sticking to the die. Liquid petrolatum is usually 
best for this, other lubricants are boric acid, talc, lycopodium, etc. 


Only one tablet is recognized in the U. S. P., namely, Poison 
Tablets of Corrosive Mecuric Chloride. 

Tablet Triturates. These are made from finely powdered 
material, the diluent for active constituents being sugar of 
milk or finely powdered cane sugar, or a mixture of the two, 
moistened with alcohol, dilute alcohol, alcohol and syrup, etc., and 
pressing the moist material into the tablet mould. 

Recipe: 


Strychnine Sulphate _1 gr. 

Sugar of Milk-50 gr. 


Moisten with alcohol and press into No. 10 Whitall Ta¬ 
tum Mould. 

Label 1/50 grain Strychnine Tablet Triturates. 









Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 83 

Recipe: 

Compound Acetanilide Powder_50 gr 

Make 10 Tablets. 


Mix the Compound Acetanilide Powder with 10 grains 
of finely powdered sugar and 5 grains of white dextrin, 
granulate and lubricate with paraffin oil. 

Compress in machine. 

Label Headache Tablets. 

Recipe: 

Calomel 

Sodium Bicarbonate aa_ 25 gr. 

Make 2 5 tablets. 

Mix thoroughly with 5 grains each of finely powder¬ 
ed sugar and dextrin, granulate, lubricate, and com¬ 
press in machine. 

Label 1 grain calomel and soda tablets. 

Recipe: 


Quinine Sulphate 

Ferri Sulphate aa_60 gr. 

Aloin_ 6 gr. 

Strychnine Sulphate 

Arsenic Trioxide a a_ 1 gr. 

Make 60 tablets. 


Mix and granulate. Use Lycopdoium as lubricant. 
Compress in machine. 

Label Strychnated Iron Tablets. 

54. Troches. Lozenges. 

Formula for the preparation of five different troches are recog¬ 
nized in the U. S. P. and nine in the N. F. Troches are not intended 
to be swallowed; as their action is local, they dissolve slowly in the 
mouth. 


TROCHISCI AMMONII CHLORIDI, U. S. P. 

Troches of Ammonium Chloride 
Make 2 0 Troches. 

Troches of Ammonium Chloride are used to relieve inflama- 
tion of the throat and lungs. 

55. ■Granular Effervescent Salts. 

Effervescent salts are preparations in a granular form con¬ 
taining the active ingredient mixed with citric and tartaric acid 
and sodium bicarbonate. When mixed with water carbon dioxide 
is given off and it is drunk as an effervescent draught. 







84 


Laboratory Manual, of Pharmacy 


The U. S. P. gives directions for the preparation of thiee ef¬ 
fervescent salts, but does not recognize them as a class. The N. F. 
recognizes 7 granular effervescent salts and they are listed as a 

class. 

On a large scale these salts are made by placing the mixed 
powders in art oven and when they have become moist the mixture 
is passed through a number 6 sieve, the granules dried at a low 
temperature and transferred to air tight containers. They can also 
be made this same way on a small scale, but where an oven is not 
available, they can be made by moistening the mixed powders with 
alcohol and rubbing through the sieve to obtain the granules. By 
many this process is preferred. 

SODII PHOSPHAS EFFERVESCENS, U. S. P. 

Effervescent Sodium Phosphate 

Make 2 5 Gnu 

Mix the ingredients as directed in the U. S. P. and moisten 
with alcohol and pass through No. 6 sieve, and allow the granules 
to dry spontaneously. 

Uses: Purgative and laxative. 

In addition to granular effervescent salts, there are many 
proprietary effervescent powders on the market. The preparation 
below will serve as an example. 


Saline Laxative. 


Potassium Sulphate- 

Sodium Chloride - 

Sodium Bicarbonate- 

Sodium Sulphate Dried — 
Magnesium Sulphate Dried 
Sodium Phosphate Dried 
Tartaric Acid Dried- 


. 10 
90 
.180 
220 
125 
250 
.125 


Mix thoroughly and put up in screw top bottle. 


Gm. 

Gm. 

Gm. 

Gm. 

Gm. 

Gm. 

Gm. 


56. Elixirs. 

Elixirs are aromatic sweet preparations, containing alcohol in 
varying proportion. The U. S. P. recognizes only two elixirs, 
aromatic elixir and elixir of licorice, which are used solely as ve¬ 
hicles. The N. F. recognizes 76 elixirs, most of which can be 
made extemporaneously. 

Many of the elixirs could well be deleted from the N. F., and, 









Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


85 


on the other hand, there are some few not official that should be 
listed in the book. 

For coloring acid or neutral elixirs red the N. F. recommends 
Tincture of Cudbear for bright red and Compound Tincture of 
Cudbear for brownish red; for alkaline elixirs the coloring agent 
s solution of carmine. 

ELIXIR AROMATICUM, U. S. P. 

Aromatic Elixir 
Make 200 Cc. 

Simple Elixir as it is more commonly called is used solely as 
a vehicle for other elixirs and preparations. The N. F. recognizes 
Elixir Aromaticum Rubrum which is the U. S. P. elixir colored red 
with cudbear. 

ELIXIR PEPSINI ET RENNIXI COMPOSITUM, N. F. 

Compound Elixir of Pepsin and Rennin 

Make 100 Cc. 

This preparation was formerly official as Essence of Pepsin 
and is similar to the many different trade preparations on the 
market. 


ELIXIR TERPINI HYDRATIS, N. F. 

Elixir of Terpin Hydrate 
Make 100 Cc. 

Uses: Acute and chronic bronchitis. 

Elixir of Lactated Pepsin. 

No formula is given in the National Formulary for making 
this preparation. It is quite largely used, its main use being as a 
vehicle. 

It may be made by the formula given below. 


Pepsin (Scales)- 30.00 Gm. 

Lactic Acid- 1.00 Cc. 

Hydrochloric Acid- 2.00 Cc. 

Glycerine_ 250.00 Cc. 

Alcohol _ 200.00 Cc. 







86 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


Oil of Orange- 

Cudbear - 

Tale q—s 

Aqua q—s- 

Misce Secundum Artem. 


2.00 Cc. 
1.00 Gmi, 

±000.00 Cc. 


Elixir of the Phosphates of Iron, Quinine, and Strychnine. 

No formula is given for this preparation and it is one of the 
most widely used preparations that we have. 

Soluble Ferric Phosphate-. 

Potassium Citrate- 

Quinine - 

Strychnine - 

Phosphoric Acid- 

Alcohol - 

Glycerin _ 

Compound Spirit Orange 

Purified Talc- 

Aqua Distilled q—s- 

Dissolve the quinine and strychnine in the the alcohol, and add 
100 Cc. of water to which has been added the phosphoric acid; 
add to this the compound spirit of orange. Dissolve the soluble 
ferric phosphate and the potassium citrate in 100 Cc. of warm 
water; to this solution add the glycerine and then the alkaloidal 
solution and sufficient water to make 1000 Cc. Mix the talc with 
the liquid and filter, returning the first portion of the filtrate until 
a clear liquid is obtained. Lastly wash the f.lter with a mixture of 
one volume of alcohol and four volumes of water until the pro¬ 
duct measures 1000 Cc. 

The above formula was suggested by George M. Beringer and 
has been used by the author for a number of years with perfect 
satisfaction in every way. 

The preparation should be stored and dispensed in amber bot¬ 
tles to protect it from the light. 

57. Ampoule. Ampuls. 

Formerly an Ampul was understood to be considered a small 
glass container for holding hypodermic solutions, now these are 
made in all s'zes and shapes and are used for holding many solu¬ 
tions other than those for hypodermic use. 


17.50 Gm. 
5.00 Gm. 
8.75 Gm. 
.275 Gm. 
2.00 Cc. 
200.00 Cc. 
200.00 Cc. 
10.00 Cc. 
30.00 Gm. 
1000.00 Cc. 















Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


Ampuls are filled in different ways, by gravity flow, by pres¬ 
sure, and by vacuum suction, the ends being sealed by fusing in 
a flame. 

Ampul filling of sterile solutions should be practiced by the 
student in the laboratory. 

58. Miscellaneous Preparations. 

In the preceding pages we have considered practically all of 
the different classes of preparations. There remain some prepara¬ 
tions to be discussed which do not fall in any of these classes. 
These we shall group as miscellaneous. 

ACIDUM NITROHYDROCHLORICUM, U. S. P. 

Nitrohydrocliloric Acid 
Make 50 Cc. 

This acid is made by mixing 18 parts of nitric acid with 82 
parts of hydrochloric acid in a capacious glass vessel. When ef¬ 
fervescence has ceased, it is poured into dark amber-colored glass- 
stoppered bottles, which must not be more than half filled, and 
must be kept in a cool place. 

Synonym: Nitromureatic Acid. Aqua Regia. 

Uses: Hepatic Stimulant. 

Why does the U. S. P. direct to store the acid in half filled 
bottles? Gas develops and there must be room for this gas. 

What note does the U. S. P. give regarding the dispensing of 
this acid? See U. S. P. 

ACIDUM SULPHURICUM AROMATICUM, U. S. P. 

Aromatic Sulphuric Acid 

Make 50 Cc. 

Synonym: Elixir of Vitriol. 

Uses: Tonic and astringent. 

ACIDUM HYDRIOD1CUM DILUTUM, U. S. P. 

Diluted Hydriodic Acid 

Make 100 Gm. 

While diluted hydriodic acid is an alterative, its main use 


88 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


is in making the Syrup of Hydriodic Acid. The syrup does not 
keep well and by having the acid on hand it is an easy matter to 
make the syrup on short notice. 

The acid itself does not keep any too well and the directions 
of the U. S. P. should be observed in preserving it. 


Two reactions take place in making the acid, which are as 
follows: 


K1 + 


Potassium 

iodide 


H 2 C 4 H 4 0 6 = 

Tartaric 
acid 


H1 + 
Hydriodic 
acid 


KHC 4 H 4 0 6 
Potassium 
acid tartrate 


kph 2 o 2 4 - H 2 C 4 H 4 0 6 

Potassium Tartaric 
hypophosphite acid 


HPH 2 0 2 KHC 4 H 4 0 6 

Hypophosphorous Potassium 
acid bitartrate 


The precipitate formed is Potassium Bitartrate (Cream of 
Tartar). It is necessary to precipitate this salt in order that the 
solution of hydriodic acid can be seperated. The hydriodic acid 
is easily oxidized by the air, liberating iodine, and the hypophos¬ 
phorous acid is used to prevent this oxidation. 


The U. S. P. states that the acid should not be dispensed if it 
contains free iodine. 


MISTURA GLYCYRRHIZAE COMPOSITA, U. S. P. 
Compound Mixture of Glycyrrhiza 

Make 100 Cc. 

Synonym: Brown Mixture. 

Uses: Cough Medicine. 

MISTURA PECTORALIS, STOKES, N. F. 
Stokes’ Expectorant 
Make 100 Cc. 


Uses: Expectorant. 

MISTURA CHLORALIS ET POTASSII BROMIDI COMPOSITA, N. F. 
Compound Mixture of Chloral and Potassium Bromide 

Make 100 Cc. 

This preparation much used as a hypnot'c and sedative is 
similar to a trade preparation on the market. 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 89 

MISTURA SPLENETICA. GADBERRY 
Gadberry’s Spleen Mixture 

Gadberry’s Spleen Mixture was at one time official in the Na¬ 
tional Formulary. In v.ew of the fact that it is quite largely used 
in some localities, the formula is given below. 


Ferrous Sulphate_ 14 Gm. 

Quinine Sulphate_ 14 Gm. 

Nitric Acid_ 14 Cc. 

Potassium Nitrate_ 42 Gm. 

Water, a sufficient quantity to make_1000 Cc. 


Triturate the ferrous sulphate, reduced to powder, with the 
nitric acid previously mixed with an equal volume of water. When 
effervescence has ceased, warm the mixture gently, until it no long¬ 
er evolves visible vapors of a yellowish tint. Then add to it the 
quinine sulphate, the potassium nitrate, and lastly, enough water 
to make 1000 Cc. When solution has been effected, filter. 

Uses: Antimalarial. 

FERRI CARBONAS SACCHARATUS, U. S. P. 

Saccharated Ferrous Carbonate 
Make 25 Gm. 

This is another one of the many carbonate of iron prepara¬ 
tions. It is made by the reaction between Ferrous Sulphate and 
Sodium Bicarbonate. The preparation is quite largely prescribed. 

Uses: Chalybeate. 

FERRI HYDROXIDUM CU ( M MAGNESII OXIDI, U. S. P. 

Ferric Hydroxide with Magnesium Oxide 
Make 1/2 the formula. 

Synonym: Ferric Hydrate with Magnesia. Arsenic Antidote 

Uses: Antidote for Arsenic. 

MAGMA MAGNESIAE, U. S. P. 

Magnesia Magma 

This preparation, commonly called Milk of Magnesia, is one 
of the most largely used preparations in the book. The formula 







90 Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 

as given in the U. S. P., is not only long and tedious, but is one 
that will not be followed by th e pharmacist in the retail store. In¬ 
stead, he will buy the preparation from some manufacturer. 

The most practical way of making Milk of Magnesia is to buy 
“Mattison’s Magma Magnesia” made by Keasbey and Mattison Com¬ 
pany, and mix this with the water according to the directions given 
on their container. A Milk of Magnesia is made that meets all 
the requirements of the U. S. P., and is far superior to many of 
the preparations on the market, to say nothing of the small cost 
of making. 

59. The Prescription. ^ 

A prescription may be defined as a wr.tten order to the 
pharmacist for compounding and dispensing a medic-ne. A pie 
scription is divided into several parts, viz: The first part is the 
Superscription, which is the sign R, the abbreviation for Recipe. 
The second part is the Inscription, which is the main body of the 
prescription and consists of the names or the ingredients. The 
third part is the Subscription, or directions to the d'spenser. The 
fourth part is the Signature, or directions to the patient, 

In addition to the above it is the physic an’s duty to give the 
name and address of the patient, as well as indicate whether adult 
or child. He should use his full name in signing the prescription, 
and if he has failed to date the prescription, this should be done 
by the pharmacist. 

Heretofore we have been making preparations of the Phar¬ 
macopoeia and National Formulary for which working directions 
were given. We now come to consider compounds in the treatment 
of which our own judgment must guide us. 

The first twenty prescriptions are incompatible and comments 
on them are purposely omitted, as it is designed that the student 
should study the incompatibility in the laboratory. 

The majority of the other prescriptions were taken from the 
files of some of the leading pharmacies and are given just as they 
were written by the prescriber. They must be compounded, labeled, 
wrapped and priced. 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


91 


5 

Strychninae Sulphatis_gr ss 

Potassium Bromidi__3 i 

Aqua Dest. q—s_§ ii 

M. Ft. solutio. 

Sig: Teaspoonful every four hours. 

2 . 

5 

Antipyrina 

Sodium Salicylatis aa_3 ss 

M. Ft. caps. no. x. 

Sig: One capsule every two or three hours. 

3'. 

i? 

Antipyrina _gr x 

Hydrarg. Chlor. iMite-gr iv 

Misce. Fiat pulvis et div. caps. no. iv. 

Sig: One capsule every hour. 

4. 

I! 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Corrosiv-gr. ss 

Spir. Ammonia Arom-3 ii 

Tinct. Cinchona Comp. q—s_§ ii 

Misce. 

Sig: Teaspoonful three times a day. 

5. 

i? 

Bismuthi Sub Nit-gr xx 

Kalii Iodidi-gr xx 

Pulv Tragacanth q—s 

Aqua q—s- l ii 

M. Sig. One teaspoonful three times a day. 

6 . 

i: 

Quininae Sulphatis----- gr xv 

Tinct. Ferric Chlor-3 i 

Spir. Ammon. Arom-3 i 

Aqua q—s-3 ii 

Misce. Fiat solutio. 

Sig: One teaspoonful in water before each meal. 


















92 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


7. 

Kalii Permanganatis- gr - xx 

Glycerini-^ ss 

Aqua q—--3 ii 1 

iMisce. Fiat solutio. 

Sig: Apply locally. 

8 . 

Plumbi Acetatis 

Zinc! Sulphatis --gr. x 

Aqua q—__5 iv 

M. Sig: Inject three times a day. 

9. 

Iv 

Quinine Sulphate-gr x 

Potassium Acetate-gr xx 

Acid Sulph. D 1_m v 

Aqua q—s- 8 i 

Misce. Fiat solutio. 

Sig: Teaspoonful in water every three hours. 

10 . 

Sodium Boratis 

Sodium Bromidi aa---3 ss 

Aqua Camphorae_ 8 ss 

Mucilage Acacia q—s- 8 ii 

M. Sig: One teaspoonful every three hours. 

11 . 

Sodium Salicylatis-gr xl 

Acidi Citrici-gr xx 

Syrupi Simplicis- 8 ss 

Aqua q—s- 8 ii 

M. Ft. solutio. 

Sig: Teaspoonful every two hours. 


















Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


93 


12 . 

i: 

Sodium Boratis_g r x 

Zinci Sulph_ gr ii 

Aqua Camph- 3 ii 

Aqua q—s_ 3 i 

Misce. Fiat solutio. 

Sig: Eye Drops. 

13. 

Py 

Hydrargyri Bichloridi_gr i 

Liquor Potassii Arsenitis_3 ii 

Aqua q—s- 3 ii 

Misce. Fiat solutio. 

Sig: Teaspoonful after each meal. 

14. 

Ammon. Carb_3 ii 

Syrup Scillae-3 i 

Syrup Tolu- 3 ii 

M. Sig: Teaspoonful for cough. 

15. 

Py 

Liq. Plumbi Subacet_3 ss 

Mucilage Acacia- 3 i 

Aqua q—s-3 iv 

Misce. 

Sig: Apply locally. 

16. 

v 

Tinct. Iodine_gtts xx 

Menthol--_gr viii 

Mineral Oil_ 5 i 

Misce. Sig: Use as spray. 

17. 

j> 

Chloralis Hydratis-:-3 ii 

Kalii Bromid*.-3 iss 

Elix. Arom-3 i 

Misce. Fiat solutio. 

Sig: One teaspoonful at bed time. 





















94 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy' 


18. 

1} 

Potassium Chloratis-3 i 

Tinct. Ferric Chlor-^ i 

Phenol-gtts. x 

Aqua q— -3 iv 

Misce. Sig: Use as a gargle. 

19. 

IS 

Liquor Potassii Arsen. 

Syrup Ferrous Iodidi aa-3 ii 

Syrup Tolu q—s-§ ii 

M. Sig: Teaspoonfol three times a day. 

20 . 

R 

Quinine Sulph-3 ss 

Acid Sulphuric Dil-m^xx 

Elixir Licorice- 5 ii 

Misce. Sig: Teaspoonful every two hours. 

21 . 

Infusion Digitalis-100 Lc 

Sig: Teaspoonful every three or four hours. 

22 . 

R 

/ 

Saturated Solution of Boric Acid- S iv 

Sig: Use with eye cup. 

23. 

Ix 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Mite-gr iv 

Sodii Bicarb-gr x 

Sacch. Lactis-gr x 

M. Ft. pulv. div. chts. no. viii. 

Sig: One powder every hour for four doses. 

24. 

i? 

Lead and Opium Wash_120 Cc. 

Sig: Apply on soft cloth. 

















Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


95 


25. 

i? 

Black Wash_100 Cc. 

Sig: Apply locally. 

26. 

n 

Aqua Phagedenica Flava___100 Cc. 

Sig: Shake well and apply as directed. 

27. 

Ung. Hydrargyri-3 i 

Dosis no. viii. 

Sig: Apply as directed. 

28. 

Zinci Sulphatis_ 5.00 

Potassii Sulphuret- 5.0o 

Aqua Rosae q—s_125.00 

M. Sig: Apply locally. 

29. 

9 

Quin. Sulph. 

Pulv. Doveri aa-3 i 

Misce. Biv. caps. no. 12. 

Sig: One every four hours. 

30. 

5 

Camphorae-gr xxiv 

Saponis Pulv_gr. vi 

Olei Ricini q—s 

Misce. Fiat massa et div. pil. no. viii. 

Sig: One pill three times a day. 

31. 

p> 

Tinct. Ferric Chlondi-4 Cc. 

Quin. Sulph-4 Gm 

Aqua 

Syrupi aa q—s-:-100 C.c 

Misce. Fiat solutio. 

Sig: Teaspoonful in water four times a day. 














!)6 


Laboratory Manual >f Pharmacy 


32. 

if 

Acidi Tannici---^.00 

Glycerini_ 8 - 00 

Misce. Sig: Apply as directed. 

33. 

if 

Emulsum Olei Terebinthinae -100 Cc. 

Sig: Teaspoonful in water three times a day. 

34. 

if 

Tinct. Benzoin Comp. 

Glycerini aa--5.00 Cc. 

Aqua Rosae q—s-100 Cc. 

M. Sig: Apply locally, 

35. 

Copaiba_15 Cc. 

Liquor Potassii_4 Cc. 

Aqua Cinnamoni q—s-00 Cc. 

Misce. Fiat emulsum. 

Sig: Teaspoonful in water four times a day. 

36. 

if 

Dewees Carminative-100 Cc. 

Sig: Teaspoonful when needed. 

37. 

if 

Emulsum Olei Morrhauae 50%-100 Cc. 

Sig: Tablespoonful three times a day. 

38. 

5 

Silver Nitrate_gr vi 

Ft. pilulae no. 6. 

Sig: One at night. 













Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


97 


39. 

3 

Hydrargyri Chlor. Mite_gr iv 

Sodium Bicarb-'-gr x 

Sacch. Lactis_gr x 


Misce. Fiat pulvis et div. chartula no. iv. 
Sig: One powder every hour. 


40. 



Iodiform 

Pulv Opii aa_gr x 

Pulv. Camph_gr iii 

01. Theobroma q—s 

iMisce. Suppos. pro recto no. vi. 

Sig: As directed. 


41. 

I* 

Inunction Menthol Comp----3 ss 

Dispense in tube. 

Sig: Apply by rubbing as directed. 

42. 

Emulsum Chloroform 5%- 100 Cc. 

Sig: Teaspoonful in water. 


43. 

Sat. Sol. Magnesium Sulphate- -7 — 

Sig: Teaspoonful in glass of water on retir.ng. 



Ferri Reducti 

Quin. Sulph. aa- 

Aloin- 

Arsenic 

Strychnine Sulph. aa- 

Misce. F ; .at massa et div. caps. no. xxx. 

Sig- One capsule three times a day after meals. 













98 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 



45. 


Menthol_gr iv 

Glycerine_3 ss 

Spir. Odorati_ 3 ss 

Mucilage Cydonium q—s--3 i’i 

Sig: Toilet Lotion. 


46. 


b 

Magnesium Sulphate_3 iv 

Tinct. Opii-m xl 

Acidi Sulph. Arom_3 ii 

Aqua Menthae Pip. q—s_3 iv 


Sig: Tablespoonful in water every three hours until 
relieved. 


47. 

B 

Thymol-gr xxx 

Sacch. Lact's q—s. 

M. Cachets no. 2. 

Sig: Take one hour apart. 

48. 

B 

Pulvis Antisepticus_50 Gm. 

Sig: Use as directed. 

49. 

B 

Sol. Argyrol 20%-30 Cc. 

Sig: Mop throat twice daily. 

50. 

B 

Phenyl Salicylate 


Acacia aa_ 3 i 

Syrup Tolu-£ ss 

Aqua q—s- % m 


Misce. Sig: Teaspoonful in water 3 times a day. 
















Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


99 


51. 

B 

Acetic Turpentine Liniment-2 00 Cc. 

Sig: For stock. 


52. 

B 

Solution Cocaine 4%-3 i 

Sig: For office use. 

53. 


i? 

Sulphur Precipitated-3 i 

Beta Napthol_gr xx 

Bals Peru-- 3 1 

Petrolatum q—s- 5 i 

Misce. Ung. 

Sis: Apply locally. 


54. 

B 

Oleum Santal 

Oleum Cubeb aa-- 

Misce. Div. soft gelatin caps. no. iv. 
Sig: One three times a day. 


55. 

Acid Salicylic- 

Acetic Acid Glacial- 

Collodion- 

M. Ft. solutio. 

Sig: Apply as directed for wart. 

56. 



Sodium Borate__- 

Sodium Bicarb- 

Phenol Liq- 

Glycerine - 

Aqua q—s_- 

Misce- Fiat solutio. 
Sig: Use as a gargle. 


__ 2.00 
— 2.00 

— .50 

— 5.00 
120 Cc. 

















100 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


57. 


Ii 

Hydrarg. Bichloridi_gr i 

Kalii Iodidi_3 ss 

Syrup Sarsap. Comp_ § ii 

Aqua q—s-.- 3 iv 

M. Ft. solutio. 


Sig: One teaspoonful three times a day. 


58. 


Ammon. Chloridi_•_3 iv 

Terp'n Hydrate_3 i 

Creosote_.-,,---m x 

Syrup Tolu--—---- 5 i 

Aqua q—s- 5 iv 


M. Sig: Teaspoonful every 2 or 3 hours. 

59. 


i: 

Mentholis. 

Camphorae aa_g r ss 

Sodium Bicarbonatis_gr iii 

Glycerini _ 3 ii 

Liq Alboline q—s_ 3 ss 


M. Sig: For earache. 


60. 

t: 

Kalii Sulphuret. 

Zinci Sulphatis aa_ 3 iss 

Aqua Dest q—s____ 3 iii 

M. Sig: Apply at night. 


61. 


P 

Glycerine_3 ss 

Prep. Calamine_ gr x i v 

Zinc Ox.de_ 3 ^ 

Aqua Calcis_3 iv 

Aqua Dest q—s_ 3 jii 


Misce. Sig: Apply during the day. 




<$ 
























Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


101 


62. 



Sat. Sol. Potassium Iodide--30 Cc. 

Sig: 10 drops in 1/4 glass of water t. i. d. 


63 . 

i: 

Zinc Sulph-gr. iv 

Boric Acid-,-g r - xx 

Sat. Sol. Menthol q—s_ l iv 

M. Sig: Spray nose t. i. d. 


64. 


i: 

Thymol Iodide- 2 -50 

Petrolatum--20.00 


M. Ft. Unguentum. 
Sig: Apply locally. 


65. 

B 

Phenyl Salicylate- - -g r xxx 

Ol. Wintergreen-3 ii 

M. Div. soft gelatin caps. no. vi. 

Sig: One capsule three times a day. 


66 . 


B 

Sat. 

Sig: 


Sol. Sodium Citrate-100 Cc. 

Teaspoonful in water every 4 hours. 


67. 



Mistura Pectoralis (Stokes)-00 Cc. 

Sig: Teaspoonful without water every 2 or 3 hours for 

cough. 


68 . 

B 

Zinc! Sulphatis- gr \] 

Antipyr'na- gr 11 

Aqua. Dest- 3 

M. Sig: Drop into eyes every 4 hours. 















102 Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 

69. 

py 

Tinct. Opii Camphorata-3 vss 

Bismuth Milk q—s- 5 iv 

iM. Ft. Mistura. 

Sig: Teaspoonful in little water t. i. d. 

70. 

1 } 

Tinctura Nucis Vomica_4 Cc. 

Sol. Ferri Peptomang q—s-120 Cc. 

M. Ft. Sol. 

Sig: Teaspoonful in little water t. i. d. before meals. 

71. 

Py 

Phenol-m xii 

Glycerine _3 ii 

M. Sig: Mop ears three times a day. 

72. 

Py 

Phenol-gr xxx 

Resorcin. 

Calamine aa_ 3 i 

Zinc Oxide_ 3 ii 

Glycerine- 3 m 

Aqua Rosae q—s_ 3 vi 

M. Sig: Apply locally to affected parts every 3 hours. 

73. 

Py 

Extratum Belladonnae _gr ii 

Pulv. Camphorae_ gr xxx 

Quininae Sulphatis_g r xxx 

Misce. Fiat pulvis et div. caps. no. xii. 

Sig: One capsule every 4 hours. 

74. 

b 

Urotropin - 3 iiss 

Sol. Sod. Phos. Comp_ 3 i v 

M. Sig: Teaspoonful in little water t. i. d. 


















Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


103 


75. 

R 

Zinc Oxide. 

Acid Salicylic aa__- 

Beta Naphthol--- 

Ung. Ammon. Hydrg. q—s_ 

M. Ft. Unguent. 

Sig: Apply to affected parts 

76. 

v 

Dionin 5% solution-30 Cc. 

Sig: Drop into eye t. i. d. 

77. 

R 

Liq. Potassii Ars--- 3 * 

Elix. I, Q et S Phos. ---3 iv 

M. Sig: Teaspoonful in little water 3 times a day after 
meals. 


_3 i 

gr iv 
—l i 


78. 


Copaiba- 

Oil Cubeb 

Oil Santal aa- 

M. Div. elastic capsule no. 6. 
Sig: One night and morning. 

79. 

Glycerite Tannin.__- 

Rose Water -- q—s- 

sM. Sig: Apply to nipples. 



Tinct. Opii Camph- 

Iodinized Emulsion- 

Milk of Bismuth q—s--- 

M Sig: One 3 in little water 3 times a day. 


3 vss 
-l ii 
-l iv 















104 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


81. 



Urotropin -3 ii SS 

Elix. Saw Palmetto et Santal Compound q —3 _ l iv 

M. Sig: Teaspoonful in water every 4 hours. 


82. 



Aspirin - gr xlviii 

Camphor Monobrom_g r v i 

Code'ne Sulph_ gr a 

M. Caps no xii. 


Sig: One capsule every 2 hours. 


83. 



Solution Carbolized Oil 5%_60 Cc. 

Sig: Apply as directed. 


84. 

1? 

Podophyllin_ 

Ex. Belladonna_ 

Ex. Nux Vomica_ 

Pulvis Rhei_ 

M. Caps. no. xx. 

Sig: One every night for bowels 


85. 



Pituritrin Surg Amp_No. i 

N. Saline q—s ad__ 3 i ss 

Misce. Sig: Use as nasal spray q 3 or 4 hours. 


-gr x 
-gr iv 
gr. iv 
—3 i 



Tinct. Nucis Vomica. 

F. E. Licorice aa_._ 

Creosote (B. W.)_ 

Mucilage Acacia q—s 

Glycerine_ 

Honey _ 

Syrup Hypophosphites q—s_ 

M. Sig: 3 ii i n little water t. i. d. 


-3 iv 
.3 iss 

—5 i 
—l i 
3 viii 



















Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


105 


87. 

i? 

Sodii Bromidi_ 3 ss 

Creosote 

Papoid aa___3 i 

Glycerine--- 5 i 

Aqua Best. q—s ad_ 3 vi 


M. Sig: Teaspoonful in water after meals. 


88 . 

3 

Ext. Belladonnae 
Ext. Hyoscyamus. 

Opii Pulv. aa__gr iii 

Ext. Hamamel's_gr xlviii 

Ichthyolis 

Acidi Borici aa-3 i 

Ol. Theobroma q—s. 


M. Ft. suppos. no. xii. 

Sig: Insert one into vagina at bed time. 


89. 


P 

Strych. Sul_gr 1/5 

Ac Arsenosi-gr 1/3 

Hyd Bichloridi-gr 1/2 

Ferri Carb Sac--gr 60 

Qu'n Bis_gr 8 <> 


M. Caps. no. xx. 

Sig: One 3 times da ; ly. 

90. 



Bismuth Subnit- 6 11 

Aromat'c Spt. Ammonia-£ \ 

Syrup Simplex-1 } 

Mistura Creta q-—s ad- f 

M. et Sig: Teaspoonful every 2 or 3 hours to control 

bowels. 


91. 



Chloralis Hydratis -— 

Kali Bromidis - 

Aqua Menth P'P Q—s ad - 
M. S J g: Tablespoonful at bed 


_ 8 . 

_ 20 . 

_ 20 

time to produce sleep. 





















106 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


92. 

Ipecac Pulv-gr ss 

Hydr. Chlor. Mit-gr ss 

Sodii Bicarb_gr xv 

Cerii Oxalate_gr xviii 

M. Ft. chts. no. vi. 

Sig: One powder every 2 hours. 

93. 

i? 

Atropine Sulphate_0.150 

Aq. Dest_ 15.00 

M. Sig: Eye Drops No. 1. Use t. i. d. 

94. 

p? 

Argyrol__ 1.50 

Aq. Dest._15.00 

M. Sig: Eye Drops No. 2. Use t. i. d. 

95. 

it 

Trionalis__6.5 

M. Ft. chartula no. 5. 

Sig: One powder in glassful of hot water every 3 or 4 
nights as directed. 

96. 

i? 

Mentholis__g r xv 

Spir. Anisi___ 3 i 

Lac. Magnesii q—s___ 3 viii 

M. Sig: Dessertspoonful after meals. 

97. 

V 

Zinc Sulphatis_g r x 

Bismuth Sub. Nit. 

Glycerite Tannin. 

Hydrastis Fluid aa_:____ 3 j v 

Muc. Acacia____ 3 

Aqua q—s ad___ : _ 3 j v 

M. Sig: Use as directed. 


















Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


107 


98. 



Sodii Bicarbonatis- 

Tr. Nucis Vom- 

Cascara Flex.- 

Tr. Gentian Comp-- 

Aqua q—s ad- 

M. Sig: Dessertspoonful in water 3 
meals. 


_24.00 

_30.00 

__30.00 

_120.00 

_240.00 

times a day after 


99. 

Creosote (Beechwood)- 

Sacch. Pepsin- 

Bismuth. Subnit- 

Mucilage Acacia q—s. 

Aqua Menth. Pip. q—s ad 

M. Sig: 3 i in water t. i. d. 


3 ss 
_3 i 
_3 ii 

-5 iv 


100 . 

Iodine Resub- 

01. Turpentine- 

Phenol- 

01. Wintergreen- 

Acacia- 

Syrup Simplex. 

Glycerine aa-- 

Aqua Best- 

Elixir Lactated Pepsin q—s 

M. S. A. 

Sig: Iodine Emulsion. 


-gr ii 
m xx 
_m v 
_m ii 
-gr x 

__3 ii 
_3 iss 
-3 iv 


101 



Liquor Formaldehydi 
Sig: Teaspoonful in 


_3 iv 

quart of warm water as douche. 

102 . 



Ichthyolis- 

Ext. Belladonnae - 

Mentholis - 

Lanum- 

Petrolatum q—s_ 

Misce. Fiat. Un^. 
Sig: Apply freely. 


_5 ii 

gr. xxiv 
_gr. xii 

_3 ii 

_3 i 

























108 


Laboratory Ma±njual of Pharmacy 


103. 

Quininae Sulphatis---gr. xl 

Ext. Belladonnae_gr. iv 

Ext. Hyoseyami. 

Ext. Stramonii a a_gr. v 

Misce. Fiat massae et div. pil. no. xl. 

Sig: One pill three times a day. 

104. 

Opii Pulvis 

Ipecac Pulvis aa-,-gr. xxiv 

Zinci Sulphatis. 

Resorcinol aa_gr. xx 

Saccli. Lactis_ 5 j 

Misce. Fiat pulvis et div. chart, no. 2 4. 

Sig: One powder three to four times daily. 

105. 

if 

Menthol_gr. iii 

Eucalyptol-m xx 

Elix Terpin Hydrate. 

Syr. Hydriodic Acid aa q—s_:_J iv 

Misce. et S'g: Teaspoonful every 3 or 4 hours. 

106. 

if 

Thymolis _gr. viii 

Formaldehydi-m viii 

Alcoholis _) i 

Glycerini_3 iv 

Aqua q—s- 5 viii 

M. Sig: Use as mouth wash. 

107. 

if 

Ichthyolis _3 li 

Saponis Mollis_ 3 a 

01. Cadini- 3 n 

Lanum_ 3 v i 

M. Sig: Apply at night. 




















Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


109 


108. 


Iv 

Strychnine Sulphatis_ gr - \ 

Morph'nae Sulphatis- gr - i 

Tinct. Digitalis- 3 iv 

Aqua Dest. q—--3 vi 

Misce- Fiat solutio. 


Sig: Teaspoonful every 3 or 4 hours until the heart 

acts regularly. 


109. 

L 

Acetanalide__ 

Arom. Spt. Ammonia- 


Caffeine Citrate- gr - xvi 

Sodii Bromide- gr - 1 xxx 


Elix. Aromatic ad-3 11 

M. Sig: One to two teaspoonfuls in water every 2 hours 
until relieved. 


110 . 



Acetylsalicylic Acid- gr - 

Acetphenetidin- gr - 

Caffeine Citrate- gr : 

Misce. Div. caps. no. 6 . 

Sig: One capsule every 2 or 3 hours for headache. 


xx 

xii 

vi 


YOUNG’S RULE OF DOSAGE. 

To determine the dose for children, divide the age 
at the nearest birthday by the age plus 12 ; the result 
represents the fraction of the adult dose suitable for the 
child. For example, a child three years old will require 


_=_ of the adult dose. 

"3 + 12 5 

Children bear opiates poorly, while they stand com 
paratively large doses of cathartics. 
















110 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


LATIN 


aa 
Add 
Ad lib. 

Aeq 

Admov. 

Agit. 

Alb. 

Alt. hor. 
Ant. 

Aq. 

Aq. bull. 

Aq. dest. 

Aq. ferv. 

Ben. 

Bib. 

Bis. ind. 

Bol. 

C. 

Cap. 

Cap. 

Chart. 

Chart, cerat. 
Cib. 

Cito. disp. 
Cochl. 

Coch. ampl. 
Cochl, mag. 
Cochl. mod. 
Coch. Parv. 
Col. 

Collun. 

Collut. 

Collyr. 

Consp. 

Contus. 

Cong. 

Comp. 

D. 

Det. 

De. d. in d. 
Dieb. alt. 
Dim. 

Disp. 

Div. 

Dos. 

Emp. 

Empl. lytt. 
Empl. epist. 

Empl. visic. 


TERMS WITH ABBREVIATIONS USED 
IN PRESCRH»TION WRITING 


Ana 

Adde 

Ad libitum 

Aequalis 

Admove 

Agitetur 

Albus 

Alternis horis 

Ante 

Aqua 

Aqua bulliens 
Aqua destillata 
Aqua fervens 

Bene 

Bibe 

Bis indies 
Bolus 

Cum 

Capiat 

Capsula 

Chartula 

Charta Cerata 

Cibus 

Cito dispensetur 
Cochlear 

Cochleare amplum 
Cochleare magnum 
Cochleare modicum 
Cochleare parvum 
Cola 

Collunarium 

Collutorium 

Collyrium 

Consperge 

Contuse 

Congius 

Compositus 

Da 

Detur 

De die in diem 

Diebus alternis 

Dimidius 

Dispensetur 

Divide 

Dosis 

Emplastrum 
Emplastrum lyttae 
Emplastrum epispas- 
ticum 

Emplastrum vesicans 


Of Each. 

Add or let it be added. 
At pleasure. 

Equal. 

Apply. 

Shake or let be shaken. 
White. 

Every other hour. 
Before. 

Water. 

Boiling water. 

Distilled water. 

Hot Water. 

Well. 

Drink. 

Twice a day. 

A large pill. 

With. 

Let him take. 

Capsule. 

A small paper. 

Waxed paper. 

Food. 

Dispense quickly. 
Spoon. 

A table-spoonful. 

A table-spoonful. 

A dessert-spoonful. 

A teaspoonful. 

Strain. 

A nose wash. 

A mouth wash. 

An eye wash. 

Dusting. 

Bruised. 

Gallon. 

Compound. 

Give. 

Let be given. 

From day to day. 

Every other day. 

One half. 

Dispense. 

Divide. 

Dose. 

Plaster. 

Blister plaster. 

Blister plaster. 

Blister plaster. 


Laboratory Manual of Pharmacy 


111 


Emuls. 

E. m. p. 

Ext. 

F. or Ft. 

F. h. 

F. m. 

F. s. a. 

Flav. 

Garg. 

Gtt. 

Hor. somn. 

Mag. 

M. 

M. bene. 

M. caute. 

Mist. 

Mit. 

Mit. tal. 

Mod. diet. 

Mod. Praescript. 

Nig. 

Non. Rep. 

O. 

Omn. hor. 

Omn. man. 

Omn. noct. 

Opt. 

Part. aeq. 

Post. cib. 

P. r. n. 

Q. hor. 

Q. 1. 

Q. s. 

R. 

Rub. 

S. a. 

Sem. 

Ss. 

Sig. 

Simp. 

Sing. 

Sol. 

Spiss. 

Supp. 

Tab. 

Tal. 

T. i. d. 

Ter. 

Ungt. 

Ust. 

Ut. diet. 


Emulsio 

Ex modo praescripto 
Extractum 

Fiat 

Fiat haustus 

Fiat mistura 

Fiat secundum) artem 

Flavus 

Gargarisma 

Gutta 

Hora somnis 

Magnus 

Misce 

Misce bene 
Misce caute 
Mistura 
Mitte 

Mitte tales 
Modo dictu 
Modo praescripto 

Nigra 

Non repetatur 

Octarius 
Omni hora 
Omni mane 
Omni nocte 
Optimus 

Partes aequales 
Post Cibum 
Pro re nata 

Quaqua hora 
Quantum libet 
Quantum sufficit 

Recipe 

Rubra 

Secundum artem 

Semen 

Semis 

Signa 

Simplex 

Singulorum 

Solutio 

Spissus 

Suppositorium 

Tabella 

Talis 

Ter in die 
Tere 

Unguentum 
Ustus 
Ut dictum 


Emulsion. 

As directed. 

Extract. 

Let there be made. 
Make a draught. 

Make a mixture. 

Make according to art. 
Yellow. 

A gargle. 

Drop. 

At bed time. 

Large. 

Mix. 

Mix well. 

Mix cautiously. 
Mixture. 

Send. 

Send such. 

As directed. 

In the manner preseb. 

Black. 

Do not repeat. 

Pint. 

Every hour. 

Every morning. 

Every night. 

Best. 

Equal parts. 

After food. 

When required. 

Every hour. 

As much as you please. 
A sufficient quantity. 

Take thou. 

Red. 

According to art. 

Seed. 

Half. 

Let it be labeled. 
Simple. 

Of each. 

Solution. 

Hard. 

Suppository. 

Tablet. 

Such. 

Three times a day. 
Rub. 

Ointment 

Burned. 

As directed. 


INDEX 


Acetanilid, Compound Powder of_ 

Acetum Scillae _ 

Acid Arsenous, Solution of_ 

Citric, Syrup of_ 

Salicylic, Pencil_ 

Tannic, Glycerite of_ 

Acidum Hydrodicum Dilutum_ 

Nitrohydrochloricum__:_ 

Sulphuricum Aromaticum_ 

Adeps Benzoinatus _ 

Almond, Emulsion of_ 

Aloes, Pills of_ 

Alumen Exsiccatum_ 

Ammonia, Aromatic Spirit of_ 

Liniment__ 

Water__ 

Ammonium Acetate, Solution of_ 

Chloride, Troches of_ 

Ampoule __ 

Ampul, How Filled_ 

Antiseptic Solution _ 

Solution Alkaline_ 

Apothecary Measure_ 

Weight__ 

Approximate Measure__ 

Aqua Ammoniae _ 

Anisi __ _ 

Camphorae__ 

Menthae Piperitae_ 

Aromatic Powder_ 

Arsenic Antidote _ 

Arsenic and Mercuric Iodide, Solution of 

Avoirdupois Weight_ _ 

Balance__ 

Basham’s Mixture_ 

Belladonnae Radicis, Fluidextract_ 

Ointment of___ 

Benzoin, Compound Tincture of_ 

Betanaphthol Paste _ 

Black Draught_ 

Blancards Pills _ 

Blaud’s Pills ____’ 

Blistering Cerate _ 

Collodion__ 

Blue Mass _ 

Mass Powder_ 

Poroglycerin, Glycerite of_ 

Brown Mixture_ 

Calcination __ 

Calcium Hydroxide, Solution of_ 

Lactophosphate, Syrup of_ 

Camphor, Cerate of_ 

Ice__ 


21 

36 

24 

3'7 

71 

42 

87 

87 

87 

64 
75 

79 
15 
50 
60 
22 
26 
83 
86 
87 
31 
31 

8 

8 

10 

22 

21 

22 

21 

19 

89 

25 
8 

13 

27 

53 

65 
46 
<0 
23 

80 
79 
68 
58 
81 
82 
43 
83 
16 

26 
39 
68 
69 
























































INDEX 


113 


Emulsion of_ 

Liniment of _~ 

Spirit of_ _ a q 

Water _IIIIIIIIIIII 22 

Camphorated Oil_I_ 

Cantharides Cerate _ 68 

Collodion __~ gg 

Capsicum, Oleoresin of_ 57 

Carrel-Dakin Solution_ 28 

Carron Oil_ 6 q 

Cascara Sagrada, Extract of_I_ 54 

Fluidextract of, Arom_ 52 

Castor Oil, Emulsion of_ 76 

Cataplasm of Kaolin_ 74 

Cataplasms__ 71 

Cathartic Pills, Compound_ 79 

Cerates__ 6 8 

Ceratum Camiphorae_ 1 _ 68 

Cantharidis __ 68 

Resinae Compositum_ 68 

Chalk Powder, Compound_ 19 

Chalybeate Pills _ 79 

Children, Doses for_ 109 

Chloral and Potassium Bromide, Comp., Mixture_ 88 

Chlorine, Compound Solution of_ 29 

Water __ - 29 

Chloroform, Emulsion of_*_ ,7 

Cinchona, Compound Tincture of_ 46 

Citrine Ointment_ 66 

Cleaning Powder_ 13 

Cod Liver Oil, Emulsion of_ 7 6 

With Egg, Emulsion of_ 76 

With Hypophosphites, Emulsion of_ 76 

Cold Cream _ 66 

Collodions__ 58,. 

Collodium__ 58 

Cantharidatum__ 58 

Flexile __ 58 

Salicylic Compositum _ T -_ 58 

Colocynth, Extract of_ 55 

Extract of, Compound- 55 

Copaiba, Emulsion of-;- 77 

Cream, Cold- 66 

Cresol, Compound Solution of_ 29 

Crystallization __ _ 15 

Decoctions __ _ 23 

Desiccation — - 14 

Deshler’s Salve- 68 

Diachylon Plaster - 71 

Digitalis, Infusion of- 23 

Distillation- 15 

Simple-- 15 

Liebeg Condenser - 15 

Dobell’s Solution- 30 

Donovan’s Solution- 25 

Doses for Children- 109 


























































114 


INDEX 


Dover’s Powder- 

Dropping-- 

Effervescent Salts, Granular- 

Elixir Aromaticum- 

Iron, Quinine and Strychnine, Phos. 

Lactated Pepsin - 

Pepsini et Rennini Comp- 

Terpin Hydratisl- 

Elixirs —- 

Emulsifying Agents - 

Emulsions __- 

Making-- 

Points to Remember- 

Emulsum Amygdalae - 

Camphorae- 

Chloroformi __ - 

Copaiba —- 

Olei Morrhuae- 

cum Hypophos- 

cum Vitello -- 

Olei Ricini- 

Petrolati-- 

Salol __ - 

Terebinthinae ---- 

Emplastrum —- 

Plumbi_ 

Ether, Nitrous, Spirit of- 

Evaporation __- 

Exsiccated Alum - 

Exsiccation __- 

Extracts __ --- 

Pilular- 

Powdered -- - 

Extractum Cascara Sagrada- 

Colocynthidis __ - 

Colocynthidis Compositum- 

Gentianae -- 

Nucis Vomicae- 

Ferri Carbonas, Saccharatus- 

Hydrox. cum Mag. Oxidi- 

Ferri Citras- 

Sulphas-- 

Sulphas Granulatus- 

Ferric Chloride, Solution of- 

Chloride, Tincture of- 

Citrate, Solution of- 

Sulphate, Solution of- 

Ferrous Carbonate, Mass of- 

Carbonate, Pills of- 

Iodide, Pills of- 

Iodide, Syrup of- 

Sulphate ---- 

Ferruginous Pills- 

Flexible Collodion-— 

Fluidextractum Belladonae Radicis_. 
Cascara Sagrada Arom- 


20 

13 

83 

85 

86 

85 

85 

85 

84 

74 

<4 

74 

75 

<5 

75 

77 

77 

71 

76 

76 

76 

77 

78 

76 

71 

71 

50 

14 

15 

14 

54 

54 

54 

54 

55 

55 

55 

56 

80 

89 

35 

15 

16 

32 

45 

34 

33 

81 

79 

80 

40 

15 

79 

58 

53 

52 


























































INDEX 


115 


Glycyrrhiza__ 

Pruni Virgianae__ 

Sennae__*_ 

Fluidglycerites __ 

Fowler’s Solution_ 

Gadberry’s Spleen Mixture_ 

Gelatinum Glycerinatum_ 

Gentian, Extract of_ 

Compound Tincture of_I_ 

Glycerine Suppositories_ 

Glycerites__ 

Glyceritum Acidi Tannici_ 

Amyli_ 

Boroglycerini__ 

Glycerogelatins __ 

Glycerogelatinum Zinci Durum_ 

Zinci Molle_ 

Glycyrrhiza, Fluidextract of_ 

Compound Mixture of_ 

Goulard’s Solution_ 

Extract __ _ 

Graduates__ 

Gramme____ 

Granular Effervescent Salts_ 

Granulation __ 

Granulated Ferrous Sulphate_ 

Heat_ 

Management ___ 

Measurement__ 

Heating, Vessels for_ 

Hebra’s Itch Ointment_ 

Hive Syrup___ 

Hypophosphites, Syrup of_ 

Syrup of Compound_ 

Huxham’s Tincture_ 

Hydrargyri Iodidum Rubrum_ 

Oxidum Flavum_ 

Hydrargyrum Ammoniatum_ 

Imperial Measure_ 

Infusions __ 

Infusum Digitalis_ 

Pruni Virginianae_ 

Sennae Compositum- 

Inunctions ____ 

Iodine, Tincture of- 

Ipecac, Syrup of_ 

Iron and Ammonium Acetate, Solution of 

Carbonate, Mass of--- 

Carbonate, Pills of- 

Carbonate, Saccharated _ 

Chloride, Solution of- 

Chloride, Tincture of- 

Citrate-- 

Citrate, Solution of- 

Hydroxide with Mag. Oxide- 

Iodide, Pills of- 


51 

53 

52 

53 

25 

89 

69 

55 

44 

73 

42 

42 

43 

43 

69 

69 

70 

51 

88 

27 

27 

13 

7 

83 

16 

16 

14 

14 

14 

14 

66 

37 

41 

41 

46 

17 

18 

17 

9 

22 

23 

23 

Z3‘ 

67 

44 

38 

27 

81 

79 

89 

32 

45 

35 

34 

89 

80 


























































116 


INDEX 


Magnesia, Milk of- 

Magnesium Carbonate- 

Iodide, Syrup of- 

Sulphate __- 

Sulphate, Granulated- 

Sulphate, Solution of- 

Jalap, Resin of- 

Kaolin, Cataplasm of- 

Kentish’s Liniment- 

Oinment __ - 

Labarraque’s Solution- 

Lassar’s Naphthol Paste- 

Resorcinol Paste, Mild- 

Latin Terms- 

Laudanum __- 

Lavender, Compound Tincture of 

Lead Plaster - 

Subacetate, Solution of- 

Licorice, Fluidextract of- 

Mixture of, Compound- 

Powder of, Compound- 

Lime, Liniment of- 

Water __ - 

Liniments -- 

Linimentum Ammoniae- 

Calcis __- 

Camphorae __ - 

Saponis __ _ 

Saponis Mollis- 

Terebinthinae -- 

Terebinthinae Aceticum- 

Liquid Opodeldoc - 

Liquid Petroxolin - 

Liquores -- - 

Liquor Acidi Arsenosi- 

Ammonii Acetatis- 

Antisepticus __ - 

Antisepticus Alkalinus- 

Arseni et Hydrarg. Iod- 

Calcis -- 

Chlori Compositus- 

Cresolis Compositus - 

Ferri Chloridi - 

Ferri Citratis- 

Ferri et Ammonii Acetatis- 

Ferri Tersulphatis- 

Magnesii Citratis- 

Plumbi Subacetatis- 

Potassii Arsenitis - 

Sodae Chlorinatae- 

Sodii Boratis Compositus- 

Sodii Phosphatis Compositus- 

Liter_ 

Lozenges __- 

Magma Magnesia- 

Magnesia, Calcined- 


89 

19 

40 

15 

16 

83 

57 

71 

62 

62 

27 

70 

70 

10 

47 

44 

71 

27 

51 

88 

20 

60 

26 

60 

60 

60 

60 

61 

61 

62 

62 

61 

62 

24 

24 

26 

31 

31 

25 

26 

29 

29 

32 

34 

27 

33 

30 

27 

25 

27 

30 

32 

7 

83 

89 

16 


























































INDEX 


117 


Citrate, Solution of__ 30 

Massa Ferri Carbonatis_”_~_ 8l 

Hydrargyri___ 

Masses__ 81 

Measure --___”__ 7 

Apothecary __ _~_ g 

Approximate ____I_II_I_I_ ID 

Imperial___ 9 

Metric ___~_~ 7 

Wine ____~_2 2 8 

Mercurial Ointment_ 67 

Mercury Ammoniated _ 17 

'Mass of_ gl 

Biniodide_ 17 

Red Iodide_ 17 

Yellow Oxide _ 18 

Ointment of_ 67 

Ointment of Ammoniated_ 65 

Ointment of Nitrate of_ 66 

Ointment of Yellow Oxide of_ 65 

Oleate__ 63 

Meter __ _ 7 

Metric System _ 7 

Equivalents__ 8 

Linear Measure__ 7 

Volume Measure- 7 

Weight Measure_ 7 

Milk of Almonds_ 75 

Mindererus, Spirit of___ 26 

Mistura Chloralis et Pot. Brom. Comp_ 88 

Glycyrrhiza Composita _ 88 

Pectrolais__ 88 

Splenetica__ 89 

Mixture, Basham’s- 27 

Mucilages -- _ 35 

Mucilage Tragacanthae- 35 

Mullae__ 72 

Mulla, Creosoti, Salicylata- 72 

Nebulae —- 63 

Nebula Aromatica_ 63 

Nux Vomica, Extract of- 5 6 

Tincture of- f - 45 

Ointment, Kentish’s - 62 

Ointments-- 64 

Oleates-- 63 

Oleatum Hydrargyri - 63 

Oleoresina Capsici- 57 

Oleoresins ---- 57 

Opium, Tincture of- 47 

Tincture of Camphorated- 4 7 

Tincture of Deororized-- 4 8 

Ounces, Different Value- 9 

Paregoric — - 47 

Pasta Betanaphtholis- 70 



























































118 


INDEX 


Resorcinolis Mitis- 

Zinci Mollis- 

Pastae Dermatological- 

Paste Pencils- 

Peppermint, Spirit of- 

Essence of-- 

Water __ - 

Pepsin, Lactated, Elixir of- 

Pepsin and Rennin, Elixir of, Comp- 

Per-Cent Solutions -- 

Petrolatum, Emulsion of- 

Petroxolins __ - 

Petroxolinum Liquidum-- 

Spissum __- 

Pill Conspergatives- 

Excipients -- 

Enteric-- 

Pills __- - - 

Prescriptions of- 

Pilulae Aloes- 

Catharticae Compositae- 

Ferri Carbonatis- 

Ferri Iodidi - 

Plasters — - 

Spread - - 

Powders __-- 

Granular Effervescing- 

Precipitation-- 

Prescription, The- 

Prescriptions--- 

Pulvis__ Acetanilidi Compositus- 

Aromaticus- 

Cretae Compositus- 

Effervescens Compositus - 

Glycyrrhiza Compositus - 

Ipecacuanhae et Opii- 

Purgative Lemonade- 

Resina Jalapae- 

Resins __- 

Rhubarb, Syrup of, Aromatic-- 

Tincture of, Aromatic- 

Rose Water, Ointment of- 

Saline Laxative - 

Salol, Emulsion of- 

Sapo Mollis- 

Sarsaparilla, Compound Syrup of- 

Seidlitz Powder- 

Senna, Fluidextract of- 

Infusion Compound- 

Soap Linim;ent- 

Liquid — - 

Solution- 

Soaps __ - 

Soda, Chlorinated, Solution of- 

Sodii Phosphos. Effervescens-*- 

bodium Borate, Compound Solution of 


70 

70 

70 

70 

49 

49 

21 

85 

85 

9 

77 

62 

62 

63 

7 9 

78 

79 

78 

80 

79 

79 

79 

80 

71 

72 

19 

84 

16 

90 

91 

21 

19 

19 

20 

20 

20 

30 

57 

57 

40 

44 

66 

84 

78 

59 

38 

20 

52 

23 

61 

59 

13 

59 

27 

84 

30 


























































INDEX 


119 


Phosphate, Compound Solution of_ 32 

Soft Soap_ 5 y 

Specific Gravity_ 10 

Examples_ 10 

Volume__ 11 

Examples __ 11 

Spirit of Mindererus_ 26 

Spirits —- 48 

Spiritus Aetheris Nitrosi__ T _ 50 

Ammoniae Aromaticus _-_ 50 

Camphorae_ 49 

Menthae Piperitae_ 49 

Spray, Aromatic Oil_ 63 

Sprays-- 63 

Squill, Syrup of- 37 

Syrup of, Compound_ 37 

Vinegar of_ 36 

Starch, Glycerte of- 43 


Steatins__ 

Stili Dilubiles_ 

Acidi Salicylici Dilubiles_ 

Stoke’s Expectorant_ 

Liniment__ 

Sublimation __ - 

Sulphur Ointment, Compound- 

Suppositoria Glycerini_ 

Suppositories-- 

Prescriptions of-- 

Syrups - - 

Syrupus — - 

Acidi Citrici-- 

Calcii Lactophosphatis _ 

Eriodictyi Aromaticus_ 

Ferri Iodidi_ 

Hypophosphitum- 

Hypophosphitum Compositus 

Ipecacuanhae - 

Picis Liquidae_ 

Pini Etrobi Comp- 

Pruni Virginianae- 

Rhei Aromaticus_ 

Scillae __- 

Scillae Compositus - 

Tolutanus — - 

Tablet Triturates- 

Tablets, Compressed- 

Recipes of- 

Tar, Ointment of- 

Syrup of - 

Temperature —--— 

Terpin Hydrate, Elixir of—- 

Tinctura Benzoini Composita_. 

Cinchonae Composita- 

Ferri Chloridi - 

Gentianae Composita- 

Iodi - - 


70 

71 
88 
62 
15 
66 
73 

72 

73 

36 

37 

37 

39 
41 

40 

41 

41 

38 
40 

42 

38 
40 
37 
37 

39 
82 
8 2 
82 
66 

40 
10 
85 
46 
46 
45 
44 
44 


























































120 


INDEX 


Lavendulae Composita- 44 

Nucis Vomicae- 45 

Opii-- 47 

Opii Camphorata - 47 

Opii Deodorati_ 48 

Rhei Aromatica- 4 4 

Tinctures__ 43 

Tincture of Green Soap_ 61 

Toilet Lotion ___ 35 

Tolu, Syrup of__ 39 

Tragacanth, iMucilage of- 35 

Troches__ 83 

Trochesci Ammonii Chloridi _ 83 

Troy Weight _ 9 

Turpentine, Emulsion of_ 76 

Liniment __ 62 

Acetic, Liniment _ 62 

Unguent a__ 64 

Unguentum Aquae Rosae_ 66 

Belladonnae -- - 65 

Hydrargyri __ _ 67 

Hydrargyri Ammoniati_ 65 

Hydrargyri Nitratis- 66 

Hydrargyri Oxidi Flava- 65 

Picis Liquidae _ 66 

Sulphuris Compositum _ 66 

Zinci Oxidi_ 64 

Unna’s Soft Zinc Paste->- 70 

Vallet’s Mass_ 81 

Vinegar of Squills- 36 

Vinegars __ _ 36 

Volatile Liniment _ 60 

Volume to Weight- 12 

Examples -- _ 12 

Water, Ammonia_ 2 2 

Anise __ 21 

Camphor __ 22 

Peppermint___ 21 

Waters — _ 21 

Weight, Apothecary_ 8 

Avoirdupois-- 8 

Metric —_ 7 

Troy __ _ 9 

to Volume_ 12 

Examples __ -,- 12 

Weights __ _ 7 

Systems used_ 7 

White Pine, Compound Syrup of_ 42 

White Precipitate _ 17 

Ointment__ 65 

Wild Cherry, Fluid extract of_ 53 

Infusion of _ 23 

Syrup of- 38 

Wilkinson’s Ointment - 66 

Yerba Santa, Aromatic Syrup of_ 41 

Young’s Rule of Dosage- 109 


























































INDEX 


Zinc, Glycerogelatin, Firm 

Glycerogelatin, Soft_ 

Paste, Soft 

Oxide, Ointment of_ 


























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































